Modern English - Cовременный английский

BBC Learning English (press the link to follow)

EGE-2024 tasks to train (follow the link)

13.04.24    

Starlight     

 At home:

Think it over and give a name of

1. a Russian physicist of the 20th century

2. a famous scientist of the 19th century

3. a famous scientist of the 20th century

4. a famous scientist of the 21st century

5. a Russian cosmonaut

6. a TV presenter

7. a famous artist

8. a famous millitary commander

9. a famous musician (group)

Say, what they are famous for

Think it over and name

1. the most significant event of the 19th century

2. the most significant event of the 20th century

3. the most significant event of the 21st century

4. a useful invention of the 19th, 20th, 21st century

Read the text and do the task:

You are going to read an article about a list of books for teenage readers. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

World Book Day – the test teen reads

by Genny Haslett, 24, English literature teacher at Bathampton Secondary School

It is often suggested that teachers and librarians aren’t pushing secondary school readers towards titles that challenge them enough, and so the organisers of World Book Day have announced a list which might provide some inspiration for anyone who’s stuck for ideas. This list of popular books for young adults, voted for by 10,000 people across the UK, features a top 10 to ‘shape and inspire’ teenagers, and handle some of the challenges of adolescence.

All but one of the books have already been made into films, demonstrating that when a book makes it to the big screen, it often then acquires more readers thanks to the film’s success. Of course, this isn’t always the case, as with George Orwell’s 1984, where the rather mediocre film does not compare so favourably with the book’s ability to conjure up a dark vision of life in a police state.

James Bowen’s A Streetcat Named Bod, published in 2012, is one of the few relatively contemporary books here. It’s also certainly for me the least predictable member of the list, but its extended stay on the bestseller list earned it – and its author – a devoted following. It is the touching story of Bob, the cat who helped a homeless man called James get his life back on track. Bob sits on James’s shoulder and sleeps at his feet while he plays the guitar on the street, and soon becomes the centre of attention. What makes the story particularly powerful is that it is based on author James Bowen’s real life.

Also on the list are J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter books. In this case it’s actually the whole series rather than one particular title that makes the shortlist. Perhaps the judges struggled to agree which one book to pick. For me, the books are rather more pre-teen than the rest of the books on the list, which are aimed at a more mature readership.

But Harry Potter is a special case: as Harry gets older in each successive book in the series, the stories do become more complex and darker. In a way, readers themselves grow up with Harry and his friends. Rowling asks some tough questions about standing up to authority, challenging ‘normal’ views and many other subjects close to teenage readers’ hearts. This should get rid of the idea that the whole series is just for young kids. In actual fact, half of all Harry Potter readers are over the age of 35, but that’s another story.

The list goes right back to the nineteenth century with Charlotte Bronte’s great romance Jane Eyre, showing that some books never grow old, though the majority are twentieth-century works such as Anne Frank’s heartbreaking wartime memoir The Diary of a Young Girl, which even now I find hard to get through without shedding tears. Personally, I would have swapped J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings for one of the many classics that didn’t make the final selection, Lord of the Flies perhaps, William Golding’s nightmare vision of schoolboys stuck on an island.

Of course there’ll always be some choices we don’t agree with, but that’s what I think makes a list like this so fascinating. I’ve been using it with my class of 16-year-olds, and I got them to evaluate it and make other suggestions for what to include or how it could be changed. But what I hope can really make a lasting difference is if it stimulates them to try out writers on the list, perhaps ones they haven’t come across before, and be introduced to new styles of writing.

1    What criticism does the writer make in the first paragraph?

      A   World Book Day has been poorly organised.

      B   School librarians aren’t working hard enough.

      C   Teenagers are reading books that are too easy.

      D   Teachers don’t encourage pupils to read enough.

2    What point is made about books which are made into films?

      A   The best books tend to be made into films.

      B   The film of a book makes more people read the book.

      C   Many people prefer to watch a film than read the book.

      D   It is useful to be able to compare the book and the film.

3    What does the writer suggest about A Streetcat Named Bob?

      A   She is surprised that it is on the list.

      B   The book did not sell as well as it deserved to.

      C   It is the most recently published book on the list.

      D   It is the only autobiography on the list.

4    How does the writer justify the presence of the Harry Potter books on the list?

      A   The books’ fame can help the list get more attention.

      B   The later books in the series are more suitable for teenagers.

      C   Teenagers should read books that they will also enjoy as adults.

      D   It makes sense to have a whole series as well as individual books.

5    Which book does the writer feel shouldn’t be on the list?

      A   Jane Eyre

      B   The Diary of a Young Girl

      C   The Lord of the Rings

      D   Lord of the Flies

6    What does the writer intend to do?

      A   be more fully developed in future

      B   prompt pupils to read more widely

      C   enable pupils to write more effectively

      D   provide a useful topic for discussion in class

06/04/24

Listening Task 1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–$–$F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–$–$7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.    1.  Fitness at home is a cheap alternative to gyms. 2.  Not all sports can be done at home. 3.  Exercising at home has a lot of advantages. 4.  You can do sports at home if you are strong-willed. 5.  Fitness at home has many disadvantages. 6.  A gym is the only place where you can do sports. 7.  Doing exercise must give you positive emotions.

Говорящий A B C D E F Утверждение 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567

Listening Task 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–${\displaystyle –}$G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 –${\displaystyle –}$ True), какие не соответствуют (2 –${\displaystyle –}$ False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 –${\displaystyle –}$ Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.    1.  The client has followed his friend’s recommendation. 2.  The client has never been to London before. 3.  The client is single. 4.  The client is surprised at the high price of the room. 5.  One cannot try British food at the hotel’s restaurant. 6.  The 5 o’clock tea weekend service is very expensive. 7.  The client doesn’t like spas very much.

Утверждение A B C D E F G Соответствие диалогу 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567 1234567

23/03/24

Phrasal verb TO PUT

AAt home (audio):

Task 4. Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project “Family pastime”. You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to:

 

·       explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting
the differences;

·       mention the advantages (1–$–$2) of the two types of family pastime;

·       mention the disadvantages (1–$–$2) of the two types of family pastime;

·       express your opinion on the subject of the project –$–$ which type of family pastime presented in
the pictures you prefer and why.

 

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–$–$15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.

 

Photo 1

Photo 2

16/03/24

Starlight

At home:

Study the rules and do the execise:

Word Formation Rules and Exercises 1(press the link)

Word Formation Rules and Exercises 2

Negative prefixes

Negative Prefixes 2 (10)

Prefixes Suffixes (exercises)

english-grammar.at (word formation different levels)

english-practice.at (word formation)

Word formation DOMINO (8)

1. People with  have been campaigning for better access to public buildings (ABLE).
2. When I heard what the company was paying I accepted the job without  (HESITATE).
3. Young children are so  when it comes to painting and drawing (CREATE).
4. In , I would like to congratulate your daughter on her graduation. (ADD)
5. Experts expect these  weather conditions to continue until the end of the week (STORM).
6. The government announced that it was working on a solution to the  problem (HOUSE).
7. I couldn't stop laughing when I saw the  on TV last night (ADVERTISE).
8. The installation of a new department will definitely help the company become more  (PROFIT).
9. The  charge in the restaurant is 25 % of the total bill. (SERVE)
10. Your brother said that the show would be great. But I found it  and was bored by the end (EXCITE).
11. Many of the houses are considered to be  and will be torn down by the end of the month. (SAFE)
12. The leader of the trade union campaigned  for reelection. In the end he was beaten by 12 points. (SUCCESS)
13. Even though the actors were not quite as good as expected , the  of the play was of the highest quality. (PRODUCE)
14. How long do we have to sit here in the police station. It makes me feel very  watching all these criminals walking past (EASY).
15. All students must take Maths and English. Another foreign language is  (OPTION).
16. Shares have risen  in the last six months. (CONSIDER)
17. Most of the food we eat nowadays is full of chemicals and other  (ADD).
18. At 17, he is one of the most  tennis players of his generation (PROMISE).
19. The  of the passengers is the pilots' main priority. (SAFE)
20. The  of the printing press is thought to be the most important event of the last 500 years. (INVENT)
21. I am dreaming of working in the auto industry . However there is so much  in the area that I may have to alter my plans. (EMPLOY).
22. I'm afraid Mrs Hammersmith is  at the moment. She's in an important meeting (AVAILABLE).
23. I like your new friend. He seems to be quite an  young man (ENTERTAIN).
24. I read the article. It was fantastic but I didn't agree with the  the reporter came to (CONCLUDE).
25. There is an _______________________ (ARGUE) that _______________________ (RECYCLE) may have some unforeseen negative effects. Of course, it would be a major _______________________ (ACHIEVE) if we were able to increase _______________________ (AWARE) to the threat of the environment caused by _______________________ (POLLUTE) and the _______________________ (BURN) of fossil fuels. However, if the public’s only _______________________ (INVOLVE) in ecological issues is taking their newspapers and bottles to a recycling point, we may only be creating the _______________________ (APPEAR) of _______________________ (IMPROVE). If they have to drive any _______________________ (DISTANT) to the recycling point, for example, it might mean the _______________________ (CONSUME) of more energy than is saved. In addition, if people feel that they are making their _______________________ (CONTRIBUTE) to the environment, they might not put so much _______________________ (PRESS) on large _______________________ (ORGANISE) to encourage the _______________________ (DEVELOP) of safer, less damaging forms of _______________________ (PRODUCE).

Multiple Choice exercises (follow the link)

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

10   Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В  задании один заголовок лишний.

1. People’s contribution for the common good        

2. Sharing your personal knowledge with others     

3. Virtual reality for users with social interaction problems 

4. New visual technologies at school 

5. Virtual travel with useful navigation apps

6. Popularity of virtual tourism among teens

7. Comparing new technology to other forms of entertainment 

8. When age does not matter

A. Google Maps and Google Earth are largely influencing tools for finding a place and searching information about a destination. Travelers who want a quality time through online travel can look in the google maps. They have powerful satellite system through which any destination can be seen and explored without going there. And last but not the least, the Guardian has an extensive travel service called the Guardian Travel. It offers a tool called ‘where have you been’.

B. Wikipedia is an online ‘crowdsourced’ encyclopedia that is constantly updated by thousands of volunteers from all over the world. It is a real-time look into the combined knowledge and experiences of billions of people. It is great for virtual tourism because you can quickly find almost any destination on Earth getting a sense for what each of these places is like. It does not matter how far, forbidding or obscure it is. You can find detailed descriptions and even photos.

C. Hundreds of new immersive experiences can transport students back through history or across our solar system with no magic bus required. Students can find themselves in the middle of the action where they can truly have first-person experiences. Virtual adventures can tap into the emotional core of human brains by tricking the mind into believing that users are actually teleported beyond the classroom into environments that fully engage their senses.

D. Virtual reality is more than just a fun classroom distraction. It is especially useful to help mobility-challenged students or those with special educational needs. According to a recent study, virtual reality is helping to accurately identify students with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Virtual ‘peer’ avatars are also used to help students on the autism spectrum learn important social skills such as eye contact and empathy.

E. We remember only ten percent of what we read, twenty percent of what we hear and thirty percent of what we both see and hear. But virtual reality can trick us into actually experiencing being chased by a dinosaur or feeling the emotional despair of life. The exhilaration of walking on the moon can cause an emotional response far deeper than any movie ever could. According to studies VR users have a higher emotional engagement than content provided with traditional video.

F. VirtualTourist was a travel website that existed from 1997 to 2017. It was a place where members could benefit from the first-hand knowledge, experience and advice of real travelers and locals. Then Trippy was founded. Some of the original forums from VirtualTourist were migrated to Trippy since a lot of the discussion was similar, focusing on travel questions and answers. Trippy is a home for the expert travel help and knowledge from former VT’ers.

G. Travel is a luxury sometimes taken for granted. But the older we get, the more difficult it can be to see the world. Luckily, virtual reality technology can change it. Unfortunately, elderly people are often overlooked when new technology enters the market, most likely due to their perceived inability to adopt new concepts. Though VR is rarely associated with the elderly, it can improve the quality of their life and make sure their dreams of travel are never ignored. 

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА 

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–25. 

The birthplace of the First Prince of Wales Caernarfon, an ancient British fortress in North Wales,

 has great historical associations. It was built (19)______ off English might over Wales.                   SHOW 

Edward I of England was the first king who set his sight on something that no 

English ruler (20) __________ (ever) to do.                                     MANAGE 

Invading Wales he wanted the castle to become the centre of this conquest.

The castle, begun in 1283, is the largest of the great Edwardian Welsh defences. 

It took thousands of craftsmen to build it. Caernarfon (21)  ____________ the city DOMINATE

for more than 700 years reminding of those past times.

The castle survived the (22)  _____________ rebellion in the history of Wales.     BLOODY 

In order to stop it forever, as the legend says, Edward I promised the Welsh

that he (23)______________ ‘a prince born in Wales, who spoke no word of English’. NAME

But then, to their surprise, he produced his infant son, who had been born at the castle.  

It was here that Edward I (24)__________ his son Prince of Wales in 1301.        PROCLAIM 

This title has passed by tradition to the eldest son of each monarch since that time. 

In 1969 Prince Charles (25)_______________ Prince of Wales here also.                      CREATE

Прочитайте приведённый ниже Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.

Railway terminals of St. Petersburg

 St. Petersburg is a city of five active railway terminals that (26)____________ link past and present.         SYMBOL

Baltic Terminal was constructed in the middle of the 19th century on the southern bank of the Obvodnoy Canal. It used to direct the trains to Tallinn but since 1933 the terminal has been used to handle (27)  _________ communications only.                                      SUBURB

Moscow Terminal is a crossroads of ways running through Central and South Russia, Crimea, Siberia and Eastern Ukraine. The first (28)   _________ appeared in 1844–51 and was named Nicholaevsky after the reigning monarch Nicholas I. It has a twin train station in Moscow known as Leningradsky Rail Terminal.              ERECT

Vitebsk Terminal was the fi rst railway stations to be built in the city and the whole of the Russian Empire in 1837. It was the greatest (29)__________ of engineering that crucially changed the life in the city and in the country.               IMPROVE

Finland Terminal handles transport to northern destinations including Helsinki and Vyborg. 

Finland Station was designed by (30)__________ architects,     SWEDEN 

built by Finnish State Railways and opened in 1870.  

Ladozhsky Terminal is one of the newest, the largest and most modern passenger railway station in Russia. It opened in 2003 for the 300th anniversary of the city’s (31) _______. FOUND

It serves routes to the north and east previously served by Moscow Terminal 

and by Finland Station. Of the stations in Saint Petersburg, this station is 

the only ‘not terminus’ station that trains can pass. 

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. 

To travel or not to travel

 I have always been thinking if the cost of travelling compensates the experience. Travelling is such a pleasure. Imagine going around the world experiencing all the different things that aren’t the same in your home country. Travelling gives you a great thing to put on applications because it shows that you are 32 _________ to travel and understand travelling for work. With travelling you could literally go anywhere in the world. You could never 33 _________ out of different places to visit because there are so many! Entering a new country usually changes your views about everything. Another thing with travelling is the cultural exchange you get. The best way to do it is communicating with local people. So, I usually tend to 34 ________ away from all the touristy areas to feel more like the locals. 

35 _________, travelling does have a disadvantage … the cost. Travelling not by yourself but with your family along is more expensive. But one way to save is going on cruises. They are the best for big families and if you want to see many places in a short period of time.

Another tip to 36 _____________ the cost of travelling is to follow other travellers’ advice. Some of them launch blogs, travel vlogs on YouTube Channel and post pictures on VK to keep a record of their journeys and let people back home know what they’re 37 _________ to as well as share their travel tips, costs and stories. This information can help other travellers budget for their trip and 38 ____________ an eye on their spendings. All in all I think travelling is worth taking!

32   1) versatile         2) flexible          3) responsive          4) nimble

33    1) run                2) get                  3) move                  4) be

34    1) stand             2) stay                3) step                    4) stick

35    1) consequently       2) moreover       3) however           4) therefore

36    1) lessen           2) cut down               3) reduce           4) decline

37    1) up           2) about           3) round           4) down

38    1) have       2) keep            3) put               4) hold

09.03.24

Speaking Practice

Task 1.

Read the text out aloud. 

Japan is an island nation in East Asia, located in the North Pacific Ocean off the coast of the Asian continent. Japan comprises the four main islands in addition to numerous smaller islands. Tokyo is the country's capital and largest city. 

Mountains dominate Japan's landscape, covering 75 to 80 percent of the country. Historically, the mountains were barriers to transportation, limiting the economic development of isolated areas. However, with the development of tunnels, bridges, and air transportation in the modern era, the mountains are no longer an obstacle. The Japanese have long celebrated the beauty of their mountains in art and literature, and today many mountain areas are preserved in national parks. 

Most of Japan's people live on plains and lowlands found mainly along the lower courses of the country's major rivers, on the lowest slopes of mountain ranges, and along the sea coast. This concentration of people makes Japan one of the world's most crowded countries. 

Practise reading the words:

1. Tokyo |ˈtəʊkɪəʊ|  - Токио (столица Японии)

2.  numerous |ˈnjuːm(ə)rəs| многочисленный, многие, множественный

3. dominate |ˈdɒmɪneɪt| доминировать, преобладать, господствовать

4. era |ˈɪərə| эпоха, эра, летоисчисление 

5. barrier |ˈbærɪə|   - барьер, препятствие, шлагбаум, преграда 

6. isolated |ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd| - изолированный

Task 2. Study the advertisement. 

Rental boats are waiting for you! 

You are considering renting a boat to enjoy the views of the countryside and now you'd like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following: 

1) location of rentals;

2) price per hour;

3) documents needed;  

4) fishing equipment available.  

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Task 3. 

Hello, everybody! It's Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss Internet safety.  We'd like to know our guest's point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let's get started. 

1. Do you use the Internet often? Why is it so? 

_______________________________________________________

2. What do you use social networks for? 

_________________________________________________________

3. How important is it for people to protect their identity in social networks? 

_______________________________________________________

4. Why do people feel worried when shopping online? 

_____________________________________________________________

5. What might be done to prevent data leaks? 

______________________________________________________________

👉👉At home!!! (16/03/24)

Task 4. 

 Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Modern inventions". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. 

In 2.5 minutes be ready to:   

  - explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;

 - mention the advantages(1-2) of the two types of modern inventions;  

- mention the disadvantages (1-2) of the two types of modern inventions; 

 - express your opinion on the subject of the project -  which modern invention you'd prefer and why. 

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12-15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.  

Photo 1 

Photo 2

24.02.24

Task 1.

  Read the text aloud.

Canada's original inhabitants are Indians. The very name Canada comes from a word meaning "village" in one of the local languages of Indian tribes. These tribes lived on the territory of modern Canada before the first Europeans arrived in the 11th century. They soon left, but more Europeans came in the 16th century and were made welcome because they brought manufactured goods and traded them for furs and other native products. However, the Europeans settled down and gradually displaced Indians over the next 250 years. 

European settlers came in a series of waves. First were the French, followed by the English, and these two groups are considered the founding nations. France lost its part of territory to Britain in a war in 1760, but most of the French-speaking colonists remained. Their effort to preserve their language and culture is still an issue of Canadian history and has led in recent years to a movement to become independent from the rest of Canada. 

The Words:

1. manufactured |ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəd| -  промышленный, промышленного производства  

2. gradually  |ˈɡrædʒʊlɪ| - постепенно, понемногу, мало-помалу, исподволь  

3. series |ˈsɪəriːz| - серия, ряд, цикл  

4. issue брит.  |ˈɪʃuː| -  проблема

Task 2. Study the advertisement. 

Where dreams come alive! 

   

  You are considering taking dancing classes and now you'd like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following: 

1) tuition fee;  

2) duration of the course; 

3) special clothes; 

4) evening classes. 

 

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.    

Task 3.

Hello, everybody! It's Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss extracurricular activities at school.  We'd like to know our guest's point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let's get started. 

Interviewer: What do you usually do after school? Do you attend any clubs? 

Student: ______________________________________________

Interviewer: What extracurricular activities did you do when you were at primary school? 

Student: ________________________________________________ 

Interviewer: What school clubs are the most popular with your friends? 
 

Student: _________________________________________________ 

Interviewer: In what way do school clubs benefit teenagers? 

Student: __________________________________________________

Interviewer: Should school clubs be run by students? Why or why not?

Student: ___________________________________________________

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview. 

17/02/24 

Word Formation  

Словообразование (Word Formation)

В английском языке, как и в других, словообразование является инструментом обогащения речи.

префиксы (prefixes);

суффиксы (suffixes);

конверсия (conversion);

словосложение (compounding);

сокращение (abbreviation).

Префиксация

Префикс – часть слова, которая ставится перед корнем. С помощью префикса слово принимает новое значение. В большинстве случаев слово не переходит в другую часть речи, но бывают исключения.

Префикс + Корень = Новое слово

Примеры

re + build (строить) = rebuild (перестроить по новой)

mis + conduct (поведение) = misconduct (плохое поведение)

Приставки и их значения

Примеры

un- , dis- , in- , non- , il- , im- , ir- : указывают на отрицание,

делают слово противоположным по значению

o                    belief (вера, доверие) – unbelief (неверие)

o                    claim (утверждать) – disclaim (отрицать) 

o                    dependence (зависимость) – independence (независимость) 

o                    admission (допущение) – nonadmission (недопущение)

o                    logical (логичный) – illogical (нелогичный) 

o                    patience (терпение) – impatience (нетерпение)

o                    reality (реальность) – irreality (фантастичность)

·                     sub- : придает значение «под»

·                     over- : «сверх», «чрезмерно»

·                     under- : «недостаточный»

o                    address (адрес) – subaddress (подадрес)

o                    boil (варить) – overboil (переварить) 

o                    feed (кормить) – underfeed (недокармливать)

·                     ex- : значение «из», «вне», «бывший»

·                     en- : «делать», используется для образования глаголов от существительных и прилагательных

o                    prisoner (заключенный) – ex-prisoner (бывшийзаключенный)

o                    tract (трактат, брошюра) – extract (фрагмент, отрывок)

o                    code (код) – encode (кодировать) 

o                    crimson (малиновый цвет) – encrimson (красить в малиновый цвет)

·                     pre- : указывает на значение «до», «перед»

·                     post- : «после»

o                    historic (исторический) – prehistoric (доисторический) 

o                    production (постановка напр. кинокартины) –postproduction (обработка отснятого видеоматериала)

mis- : меняет смысл слова на «неверный», «ложный»

o                    apply (применить) – misapply (неправильноиспользовать) 

o                    fortune (удача) – misfortune (неудача) 

o                    guide (направлять, вести) – misguide (неправильно направлять)

re- : «снова», «вновь»; сделать что-либо повторно

o                    book (бронировать) – rebook (бронироватьповторно)

o                    educate (воспитывать) – reeducate (перевоспитывать) 

o                    join (соединяться) – rejoin (воссоединяться)

co-: аналог приставки в русском языке «со»

o                    worker (рабочий) – co-worker (сотрудник, коллега) 

o                    author (автор) – co-author (соавтор) 

o                    owner (владелец) – co-owner (совладелец)

Суффиксация

Суффикс – часть слова, которая ставится после корня. Суффикс придает слову новое значение и обычно преобразовывает его в другую часть речи.

Корень + Суффикс = Новое слово

Примеры

Суффикс и его значения

Примеры

Образование существительного

child + hood = childhood (детство)

teach + er = teacher (учитель)

-er, -or, -ar: из глагола переходит существительное в значении «исполнитель действия»

o                    avenge (мстить) – avenger (мститель) 

o                    narrate (рассказывать) – narrator (рассказчик)

o                    lie (лгать) – liar (лжец)

-ment, -age, -ure, -dom, -tion, -sion:
глагол > существительное

o                    advertise (рекламировать) – advertisement(реклама) 

o                    use (использовать) – usage (использование)

o                    depart (уезжать) – departure (отъезд) 

o                    bore (скучать) – boredom (скука) 

o                    hesitate (сомневаться) – hesitation (сомнение) 

o                    impress (производить впечатление) – impression(впечатление)

-hood, -ship: образуют существительные от других существительных

o                    false (ложный, ошибочный) – falsehood (ложь, ошибка) 

o                    owner (владелец) – ownership (владение)

-ist: используется для указания принадлежности к профессии или политическому званию

o                    archeologist (археолог) 

o                    federalist (сторонник принципов федерализма)

-ian: указывают на национальность, реже профессию

o                    Bulgarian (болгарин, болгарка) 

o                    historian (историк)

-ness: преобразовывает прилагательное в существительное

o                    cheerful (веселый) – cheerfulness(жизнерадостность) 

o                    awkward (awkward) – awkwardness (неловкость) 

o                    good (добрый) – goodness (доброта)

Образование прилагательного

-ful: образует прилагательные от существительных и означает наличие качества

o                    colour (цвет) – colourful (полный цвета, яркий) 

o                    thought (мысль, мышление) – thoughtful(задумчивый)

o                    delight (предмет восхищения) – delightful(восхитительный)

-able, -ible: образуют прилагательные от глаголов и выражают возможность подвергнуться действию, выраженному соответствующим глаголом 

o                    accept (принимать) – acceptable (приемлемый; можно принять) 

o                    force (сила) – forcible (насильственный, принудительный)

o                    compare (сравнивать) – comparable (сравнимый)

-less: образует прилагательные от существительных и означает отсутствие качества

o                    worth (стоящий) – worthless (ничего не стоящий; никчемный)

o                    home (домашний) – homeless (бездомный)

o                    use (польза) – useless (бесполезный)

-ish: национальная принадлежность; качество

o                    Flemish (фламандский) 

o                    modish (модный)

-y: образует прилагательные от существительных

o                    air (воздух) – airy (воздушный)

o                    rock (скала) – rocky (каменистый, скалистый)

Образование глагола

-en: образует глаголы от прилагательных и существительных

o                    fasten (пристегивать) 

o                    listen (слушать) 

o                    shorten (укорачивать)

-fy, -ify: обычно образует глаголы от прилагательных

Task 1 Read the text on an excursion to a museum. Use the words in brackets to form a new word that fits into each blank.
Last week, we went on a fantastic trip to the Museum of  (NATURE) History, which is  (LOCATE) only a few blocks away from our school. On  (ARRIVE) our guide was waiting for us and told us what we were going to see.The most exciting part of the museum was the section on  (HISTORY) animals. We stared in  (AMAZE) at all the skeletons of species that became extinct millions of years ago.There was a special  (EXHIBIT) on dinosaurs, creatures that have fascinated us for a long time. The guide gave us some interesting facts about these  (GIANT) creatures. The Tyrannosaurus Rex, for example, reached a  (HIGH) of over 6 metres. The Seismosaurus was probably the longest dinosaur with an estimated  (LENGTH) of up to 40 metres.

The only  (ADVANTAGE) of the trip was that there was not enough time to see all the interesting things the museum offered. Towards the end it got very  (CROWD) and our guide informed us that it would be better if we came during the morning hours.

At the end of the tour, she thanked us for our  (PATIENT) and attention and asked for feedback. She gave us a sheet of paper on which we could write down  (SUGGEST) and  (IMPROVE) for future school groups. After two hours in one of the most incredible buildings I have ever seen we went back to school.

NASA has announced the  (DISCOVER) of the eighth planet of a star system, similar to our solar system. The star, Kepler-90 is over 2,500 light years away and larger and hotter than our sun. It is the first star  (KNOW) to have as many planets as our solar system.
Task 2 Use the word in brackets to form a new word that fits into each gap.
The Kepler-90 star system is much more compact than our solar system. The outermost planet orbits the star at about the same  (DISTANT) as the earth orbits the sun. Its inner planets are small and  (ROCK) while the outer ones are larger and made up of gas.

The  (NEW) discovered planet, Kepler-90i , is the third celestial object in the star system. It is probably similar to our earth, but because of its  (CLOSE) to its home star has an average surface temperature of about 400° C. It moves around the star once every 14.4 days.

The findings were made  (BASE) on data provided by the Kepler Space Telescope. Launched in March 2009, the telescope has  (CONSTANT) been scanning certain sections of the universe in search of new stars and  (PLANET) systems. Up to now, over 2,000 new worlds have been discovered.

To help analyse the data, NASA has been relying on artificial  (INTELLIGENT) software supplied by Google. This software examines weak signals of light when objects pass in front of a star.  (EXPECT) at NASA are up as this new method of  (EXAMINE) data is expected to reveal even more new planets in the future.

03-10/02/24 

Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

A hobby is an activity you enjoy doing, it is something of your choice, something unique to your taste and talent. A hobby can improve our well-being; it can give more meaning to our life. Just as physical exercise is important for the body, relaxation of the mind is also essential. In fact, studies reveal that people who cultivate themselves through such activities are less likely to suffer from anxieties, depression and other negative feelings. A hobby is the easiest way to restore your balance whenever you are over-worked or stressed. Since it is an activity of your choosing, it will always give you pleasure and help you to relax. Even if you indulge in your hobby for a short period of time, you still can feel the difference in your energy level and spirit. When you have a hobby, you will always find time for it.

Tsk 2. Study the advertisement.

	Visit our new fitness club!

You are considering visiting the fitness club and now you’d like
to get more information. In
1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find out about the following:

1) location

2) opening hours

3) price of the season ticket

4) if individual sessions are possible

5) swimming pool

Yu  have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Speaking Skills

Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.    

  The first human carrying flight technology was the hot air balloon. While unmanned balloons have been around in some form for thousands of years, the first flight with people on board was in 1782.   

The large balloon on top is called an "envelope". It holds hot air created by a heat source known as a burner. The burner creates an open flame by burning a mix of propane and air. Hot air balloons are capable of floating because the hot air inside the envelope has a lower density than the colder air outside. The top of the balloon usually has a vent which allows the pilot to control the speed of ascent or descent. 

Passengers typically stand in a basket beneath the envelope. While most envelopes have a standard balloon shape, others are designed to look  like animals, cartoon characters and other fun objects. 

The Words: 

1. envelope |ˈenvələʊp|   -  конверт 

2. propane |ˈprəʊpeɪn| - пропан

3. density  |ˈdensɪtɪ|  - плотность, густота 

4. vent  - воздушный клапан

5. ascent |əˈsent| -  подъём; восхождение

6.  descent|dɪˈsent| - спуск, снижение 

 Task 3  You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2-3 sentences). 

Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.   

Interviewer: Hello everybody! It's the Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss problems of big cities. We'd like to know our guest's point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let's get started. 

Interviewer: Do you live in a big city or a small town? What is it like? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer:   What transport do most people use to get around in your city or town? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: Do you think big cities are safe for teenagers or not? Why? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: What are some of the problems in big cities in your country? Give an example. 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: What measures would you introduce to solve this problem? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.

 Task 4 Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Keeping young". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. 

In 2.5 minutes be ready to:   

 - explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;

 - mention the advantages(1-2) of the two ways of keeping young for the elderly people; 

- mention the disadvantages (1-2) of the two ways of keeping young for the elderly people; 

 - express your opinion on the subject of the project -  which way of keeping young your elderly relatives prefer  and why. 

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12-15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. 

Photo 1

Photo 2 

Lexical Tasks

Complete the sentences with the correct word or phrase from the box ! There are TWO words you will not need.

ADDICTIVE - BINGE DRINKING - CONSUMPTION - DEPENDENT - DEPENDENCE - EFFECTS - GET HOOKED ON - POSSESSION - PRESCRIPTION - SOFT DRUGS - SUBSTANCE - TREATMENT - WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS - WORKAHOLIC

1. Most of the time a  doesn't realize they don't have time for anything else.
2. A lot of people think that the  of  should be made legal.
3. There are special units in hospitals that help people who are  on drugs like heroin and LSD.
4. Nicotine is generally considered to be the most  of all drugs.
5. Many youngsters start smoking at an early age and  cigarettes.
6. Smoking has numerous negative  on a person's health.
7. Alcohol  is one of the biggest problems in developing countries.
8. Drinking a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time is referred to as 
9. When starting treatment , many drug addicts suffer  in the first few days and weeks.
10. Drugs, such as painkillers and tranquillizers , are available on .
11. Marijuana is a legal  in many American states and several European countries.

Choose the correct option for each blank.

1. Women in the nursing   employmentoccupationjobprofession don't get paid as much as men do.
2. Don't   observestareglancesee at people like that. It's so impolite.
3. I have no   intentiongoalchallengewill of spending my holdays with my mother-in law.
4. I had to   remindrecallrealisememorise his phone number because I didn't have anything to write it down.
5. It takes a lot of   efforttrialattempttry to learn how to waterski properly.
6. The entrance exam was a huge   aimambitiongoalchallenge and it took me over an hour to finish.
7. It’s a doctor's   dutycourseworkassignment to save as many people as possible .
8. It was Thomas Edison who   founddiscoveredinventeddetected electricity.
9. We spent two weeks in Africa   observingseeingnoticingglancing the way lions catch their prey.
10. The detective came to the house to   researchinvestigatelook forexplore the murder.
11. The French Open attracts thousands of   spectatorscrowdviewersaudience every year.
12. The low sun affects my   visionimagesightsscenes when I'm driving, so I often wear sunglasses.

Word Formation

Use the word in brackets to form a new word that fits into the blank !

1. The oil and gas reserves were  many years ago. (NATION)
2. My uncle passed away two years after his . (RETIRE)
3. Please send your  to the address below. (APPLY)
4. Rats were the  of the Plague during the Middle Ages. (CARRY)
5. She proved to be an important witness for the . (PROSECUTE)
6. Maria's English is . No wonder. She's been living in the U.S. for over 20 years. (FLAW)
7. My sister showed me her  side after I had failed the exam. She tried to cheer me up. (SYMPATHY)
8. Harry became a  when he finished high school. (VEGETABLE)
9.  are only allowed to travel on buses after the rush hour. (PENSION)
10. The manager has been using  training methods. That's one of the reasons for his success. (REVOLUTION)
11. Being a teacher is a very  occupation, because you spend a lot of your time with young people.(REWARD)
12. The  between the Soviet Union and the USA dominated the Cold War. (RIVAL)

Common mistakes:

Fill in the blanks with the correct word or phrase !

1. Dinner is the main   mealdish of the day.
2. In my home town everyone goes   to churchto the church on Sundays.
3. In my country you are allowed to vote   withat the age of 16.
4. We reached our   goaldestination shortly before midnight.
5. He doesn't have enough   landground to grow food.
6. When I came to the new school I was very   lonelyalone at first.
7. The teacher gave the class   anothersome more homework.
8. My job as a teacher was quite   boredboring .
9. The purpose of this ceremony is to honour the   deaddeath .
10. In the course of time, tropical   groundsoil loses a lot of its basic nutrients.
11. The Europeans plan to reduce the size of their   armed forcearmed forces .
12. It's a serious problem for politicians   anywhereeverywhere .
13. For the course, we were divided   intoto groups of eight.
14. Each country has its own   civilisationculture and ideology.

Listen to a report about how life has changed ten years after the Fukushima nuclear disaster. For each question choose the correct answer.

1. In the aftermath of the 2011 Fukushima disaster
   1.   multiple tsunamis hit Japan
   2.   over a hundred thousand people had to leave their homes
   3.   the government was able to contain all the radioactive material
   4.   recovery occurred swiftly
2. The Japanese government has spent billions in order to
   1.   clean up the area
   2.   design new towns
   3.   construct new gates around the town
   4.   reopen the nuclear power plant
3. A decade after the explosion
   1.   not very many people have returned to the region
   2.   radiation has gone down by 15%
   3.   more than 15% have returned to their homes
   4.   life has returned to normal
4. When you look through the gates that block the site you can see
   1.   new government buildings
   2.   worn-down buildings
   3.   hardly any animals
   4.   little vegetation
5. The people who come back to Fukushima
   1.   are not very concerned about radiation
   2.   get money to live in new communities
   3.   want to rebuild the area
   4.   are new to the region
6. Maasato Saki wants to
   1.   go back to the temporary shelters he has been living in
   2.   continue living in his home town
   3.   restart life somewhere else
   4.   make the authorities rebuild his old house
7. Today many Japanese think that nuclear power
   1.   will eventually come back to stay
   2.   is risky and dangerous
   3.   is better than coal and natural gas
   4.   will overtake coal and natural gas

Listening Comprehension

Listen to the recording about the history of ice skating. Complete the text by filling in the missing words from the list. There are more words than you will need.

 animal      backward      blades      energy      findings      flat      forward      lakes      northern      origins      power      safety      sharp      skates      southern      sticks      turns   western     

Although the  of ice-skating are unclear, the first ice-skater probably came from Finland, over 4,000 years ago. Especially in  Finland, there are many  and by crossing the ice during the winter instead of going round them people could save time and .

Archaeological  show that by 2000 B.C. skates made of  bones were popular throughout central and  Europe. Most were made from the bones of horses and cows. People stood on them and used long  to move , similar to cross country skiing.

For  reasons they had to be  at the bottom. As a result, it was easy to move in a straight line but making  was challenging, because there were no .

 Reading Skills (follow the link)

1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Inspired by nature
2. Wonderful combination
3. Restoring old traditions
4. Protecting the environment
5. Different at different time
6. Chosen as the best among hundreds
7. The closest to the sky
8. Saved from being pulled down

A. Sydney Opera House was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007 as one of the most iconic buildings in the world. Its planning began in the 1940s, as the existing building for large theatrical productions was not large enough. The Opera House was designed by a Danish architect Jorn Utzon whose design was selected as the winning one among 232 other entries in an international design competition. The formal inauguration of the building took place on 20 October 1973.

B. The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889 in Paris. It was designed as an entrance to the 1889 World’s Fair and named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. However, initially the plan was to make it stand for only twenty years since its construction. The City had planned to tear it down in 1909, but as the tower proved to be valuable for the image of the city, it was allowed to remain. Now it has become the symbol of the city, seen as one of the World’s wonders.

C. The Electric Forest Festival, which started less than a decade ago, is a four-day multi-genre event, held in Rothbury, Michigan. The main focus of the event is upon electronic and jam bands. But what captures the eyes is a special atmosphere during this festival. The surrounding environment becomes a kaleidoscope of laser light shows. The mixture of electronic lights and the sounds appeal to different senses and together create a unique, surreal, magical experience.

D. Casa Mila, designed by the architect Antoni Gaudí, is one of Barcelona’s World Heritage sites and is one of the most visited attractions the city has to offer. The building is also known as “La Pedrera” translated as the Stone wave, because of the facade which is made up completely with natural stones and does not have any straight lines. Gaudi explained it by the fact that straight lines cannot be found anywhere in the wild landscape and it can be made only by men.

E. To mark the end of the Christmas season, Shetland in Scotland celebrates a variety of fire festivals every year. The most interesting of them is held at the capital, where this practice was born as early as in 1876, when strong men dragged barrels with burning tar on sledges. Today, thousands of people dress up in period-clothes. The procession burns down the model of a Viking ship. The brightness of the fire and men in clothes of the long-gone era make a spectacle show.

F. Burj Khalifa is an 829.8 m skyscraper in Dubai. It is the tallest structure in the world. There are hotels, residences and observational laboratories in the 163 floors of the building. It’s not only the tallest building in the world, it is also the tallest freestanding structure in the world, has the highest number of stories in the world, highest occupied floor in the world, highest outdoor observation deck in the world, and an elevator with the longest travel distance in the world.

G. The Taj Mahal is an architectural marvel made of white marble situated on the banks of the river Yamuna in Agra, India. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. Nowadays around 8 million tourists visit the Taj Mahal every year. They come to see the changing colors of the Taj Mahal, which change from pink in the morning, milky white in the evening and golden at night when lit by the moon.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

Writing Skills

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

…  Last month our class went to Washington to visit the National Museum of American History. It was my first visit there and it was fun. How often do you go to museums with your class, if at all? Which Museum is your favourite or what museum would you like to visit? Why do you think people should go there?
This summer we plan to go hiking with my parents …

Write a letter toTom.

In your letter

-              answer his questions

-              ask 3 questions about his summer plans

Write 100–${\displaystyle }$140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

13-20/01/24 

Speaking Practice RNE variant 9

Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it. 

An allergy is your immune system's reaction to certain plants, animals, foods, insect bites, or other things. Your immune system protects you from diseases by fighting germs like bacteria and viruses. But when you have allergies, it overreacts and tries to "fight" ordinary things like grass or certain foods. This causes the sneezing, itching, and other reactions that you get with allergies. 

People may be born with a genetic tendency to have allergies, which means they are more likely to get them than other people are. Many allergies are passed to kids in the genes they get from their parents. You have a better chance of having allergies if your mom or dad or other people in your family have them. 

Sometimes it's difficult to tell the difference between a cold and an allergy because the symptoms can be similar. If your cold symptoms last more than 2 weeks, you probably have an allergy and not a cold. 

The Words:  

1. allergy |ˈælədʒɪ| - аллергия  

2. germ  |dʒɜːm|   -  микроб; бактерия   

3. bacteria  |bækˈtɪərɪə| - мн. от bacterium - мн. бактерии  

4. gene |dʒiːn| - ген 

5. sneeze |sniːz|  - чихать 

6. itch  |ɪtʃ| - зуд, чесотка 

7. virus  |ˈvaɪrəs| - вирус

Task 2. Study the advertisement.    

New experience with our cinema!

You are considering visiting the new cinema with your friends and now you'd like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following: 

1) opening hours; 

2) movies choice; 

3) price for one ticket; 

4) group discounts.   

You have 20 seconds to ask each question. 

Task 3. You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. 

Give full answers to the questions (2-3 sentences). 

Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.    

Interviewer: Hello everybody! It's the Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss family traditions. We'd like to know our guest's point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let's get started.  

Interviewer: Do you have a big or a small family? How many members are there in your family? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: Who do you feel closest to in your family and why? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: What family traditions do you keep? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: Do you like these traditions? Why, or why not? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: What family traditions would you like to have when you start your own family? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.

 Task 4. 

 Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Winter fun". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. 

In 2.5 minutes be ready to:   

  - explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;

 - mention the advantages(1-2) of the two kinds of winter entertainment;  

- mention the disadvantages (1-2) of the two kinds of winter entertainment; 

 - express your opinion on the subject of the project -  which kind of winter entertainment you preferred as a child   and why. 

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12-15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.  

Photo 1 

Photo 2 

Speaking Practice RNE variant 10 

Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.    

Arctic foxes live on the land and sea ice within the Arctic Circle. Winter in the Arctic is unlike winter in most parts of the world. From October to February, the sun never rises to shine warmth and light. 

Luckily, these small foxes have some useful adaptations for living in the icy Arctic. Their long, fluffy tails act like a blanket, keeping the fox warm when it wraps the tail around its body to sleep. Their feet also have a layer of thick fur, like built-in snow boots. This helps muffle an arctic fox's footsteps, making it harder for prey to hear them. And their white coats make it difficult for predators such as wolves, polar bears, and golden eagles to spot them among the ice and snow.  When it's not trying to keep warm or avoid predators, an arctic fox is on the hunt for food. They prefer to eat small rodents called lemmings, but when times are tough, they'll eat whatever they can find: insects and berries. 

The Words: 

1. adaptation  |ædəpˈteɪʃ(ə)n| - адаптация, приспособление 

2. fluffy |ˈflʌfɪ| - пушистый, мягкий; ворсистый 

3. wrap  |ræp|  - обертывать, заворачивать 

4. blanket |ˈblæŋkɪt| - одеяло, покров 

5. layer |ˈleɪə|  -  слой; пласт; ряд 

6. muffle |ˈmʌf(ə)l|  - заглушать 

7. prey |preɪ| - добыча, жертва 

8. predator |ˈpredətə|  - хищник 

9. avoid |əˈvɔɪd| - избегать, избежать, уклоняться 

10. rodent  |ˈrəʊd(ə)nt|   -  грызун 

11. lemming |ˈlemɪŋ|  - лемминг, пеструшка

                                                                        a lemming 

Task 2. Study the advertisement.    

You are considering joining the group of volunteers and now you'd like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following:  

1) age limitations; 

2) schedule of work; 

3) tasks to do; 

4) skills needed. 

You have 20 seconds to ask each question. 

Task 3. You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. 

Give full answers to the questions (2-3 sentences). 

Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.    

Interviewer: Hello everybody! It's the Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss healthy lifestyle. We'd like to know our guest's point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let's get started.  

Interviewer: Do you think you have a healthy lifestyle or not? Why do you think so? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: What sports do you and your friends enjoy doing? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: What food is popular among young people in your country? Is it healthy? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: How can schools support healthy lifestyle? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: What would you change in your lifestyle to make it healthier? 

Student: ____________________________________________ 

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.

 Task 4. 

 Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Birthday celebrations". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. 

In 2.5 minutes be ready to:   

  - explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;

 - mention the advantages(1-2) of the two kinds of birthday celebrations;  

- mention the disadvantages (1-2) of the two kinds of birthday celebrations; 

 - express your opinion on the subject of the project -  which way of celebrating your birthday you preferred as a child   and why. 

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12-15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.  

Photo 1 

Photo 2

26.12.23 Form 5

1.   Ian hard yesterday. (work)

2.   Be quiet! The baby . (sleep)

3.   Where Tom an hour ago? (be)

4.   The train to Moscow at 10 every day. (leave)

5.   It' s cold today. Doris a warm coat. (wear)

6.   There any rain in London tomorrow. (not/ be)

7.   While the children the test, the teacher  their homework. (do, read)

8.   Max turned off the light and to bed. (to go)

9.   We can’ t make sandwiches, we have no bread. – I and buy some bread. (go)

10.                    School in September and it in July. (start, finish) 

16/12/23

Task 1 Use the word in brackets to form a new word that fits into the blank :

1. Janet gave all her  to her mother so that she could pay for her fathers burial. (SAVE)
2. A  sound came from the cellar. (METAL)
3. Mr Conwell was  and ended the conversation after only 5 minutes. (PATIENT)
4. The Palace has put out a  after the story broke. (DENY)
5. My sister can sometimes be very , so just do what she says. (PERSUADE)
6. I'm very worried about the  of some students. They just don't seem to care about their education. (RESPONSIBLE)
7. It was an  journey. We experienced a lot of problems but were able to cope with all of them. (EVENT)
8. There are a lot of politicians who enjoy  and always want to be in the media. (PUBLIC)
9. The  referee saw the foul and sent the player off. (OBSERVE)
10. My mother suffers from  panic attacks. (PERIOD)
11. The police have  their efforts in finding the suspect. (INTENSE)
12.  were handed out to promote the opening of the new cinema (FLY).

Task 2 Use the word in brackets to form a new word that fits into each gap.
NASA has announced the  (DISCOVER) of the eighth planet of a star system, similar to our solar system. The star, Kepler-90 is over 2,500 light years away and larger and hotter than our sun. It is the first star  (KNOW) to have as many planets as our solar system.
The Kepler-90 star system is much more compact than our solar system. The outermost planet orbits the star at about the same  (DISTANT) as the earth orbits the sun. Its inner planets are small and  (ROCK) while the outer ones are larger and made up of gas.
The  (NEW) discovered planet, Kepler-90i , is the third celestial object in the star system. It is probably similar to our earth, but because of its  (CLOSE) to its home star has an average surface temperature of about 400° C. It moves around the star once every 14.4 days.
The findings were made  (BASE) on data provided by the Kepler Space Telescope. Launched in March 2009, the telescope has  (CONSTANT) been scanning certain sections of the universe in search of new stars and  (PLANET) systems. Up to now, over 2,000 new worlds have been discovered.
To help analyse the data, NASA has been relying on artificial  (INTELLIGENT) software supplied by Google. This software examines weak signals of light when objects pass in front of a star.  (EXPECT) at NASA are up as this new method of  (EXAMINE) data is expected to reveal even more new planets in the future.

Complete with the negative forms of the adjectives given.


necessary - 
effective - 
appropriate - 
comfortable - 
patient - 
reasonable - 
paid - 
direct - 
legal - 
recognisable - 
useful - 
satisfied - 
qualified - 
polite - 
important - 
attractive - 
dependent - 
moral - 
connected - 

ENGLISH PRONOUNS

http://engmaster.ru/test/1851

 complete the test to check your knowledge
http://www.correctenglish.ru/tests/grammar/pronouns/

Other, another, the other, others, the others:
https://langformula.ru/english-grammar/other/
All, the Whole:
https://www.study.ru/article/grammar/all-whole-a-est-li-raznica
Little, a little, few, a few:
http://grammar-tei.com/few-a-few-little-a-little-paznica-v-upotreblenii/ 


TEST ON PRONOUNS

1. Выберите правильную форму пропущенного местоимения.

1.  Whose dog is that? .................. is always in our garden.

a) she                   b) he                    c) it                       d) one

2.  He is much taller than ................... but I am much stronger.

a) I         b) me                    c) my                    d) mine

3.  He was the eldest in the family. He had good advice for .................. of us.

a) each b) every               c) either             d) no

4.  He enjoyed .................. minute of his holiday.

a) each b) all                     c) either              d) every

5.  The guests sat on .................. side of a long table.

a) neither           b) each c) either             d) every

6.  I didn't like the sisters, though they seemed nice. It was a pity I liked ….  of them.

a) neither           b) every              c) either             d) each

7.  I'd like to try one of .................. shirts on.

a) this                   b) these              c) that                 d) those

8. I've known him for many years. He is an old friend of …..

a) me                   b) I         c) my    d) mine

2. Вставьте возвратное местоимение, где нужно:  myself, himself, yourself, herself, -.

1.  He came in and introduced ...........................

2.  She cut..........................so badly that she had to be taken to hospital.

3.  I even didn't know how to behave.......................... in his presence.

4.  She isn't feeling..........................well. She can't talk to you now.

5.  Wash and dress.........................., you are not a child any more.

6.  Don't worry, I can take care of.......................... .

3. Вставьте местоимения: a) all; b) the whole; c) everything; d) everybody; e) both

1. She believed that........................was watching her.

2......................... city is being reconstructed.

3.  You and I, we ........................ know the truth.

4.  He reads a lot and remembers........................the details.

5.  How was........................the information collected?

6.  I told you ........................There is hardly anything to add.

4. Вставьте местоимения: a) much; b) many; c) little; d) few; e) a little; f) a few

1.  I tried to keep it a secret. Very   ........................ people know about it.

2.  Leave the child alone. There is   ........................ harm in it.

3.  My sister spends so   ........................ money on her clothes. It costs her husband

a fortune.

4.  Ann has had   ........................visitors lately. She looks tired.

5.  Why don't you eat? Try   ........................ of everything.

6.  The station looked almost deserted. There were   ...................... people waiting for the last train, a woman and three men.

5. Вставьте местоимения: a) some; b) any; c) no; d) none; e) no one

1.  I wanted to find some coffee but there was....................... in the house.

2.  He is here all day. You can find him .......................time between nine and six.

3.  You are expecting .......................to call, are you?

4.  Would you have....................... more tea? — Thank you.

5.  I see....................... cucumbers in the salad; why haven't you added any?

6.  There isn't ....................... milk left. Will you buy some?

7.  Why are....................... people so boring?

8.  That's the only way out. There is ....................... other choice.

6. Переведите выделенные слова в предложениях, используя слова: other, another, the other, others, the others.

1.  Дома на другой стороне реки были построены из белого камня.

2.  Почему ты один? Где остальные?                                                   

3.  Служитель открыл дверь и впустил еще одного посетителя.     

4.  Щенок пил молоко, но отказывался от другой пищи.                    

5.  Она часто получала письма, они приходили одно за другим.

6.  Я потеряла ручку, нужно купить другую.

7.  Один мальчик ушел, а другие мальчики продолжали работать.

8.  Другие люди рассказывали мне ту же историю.

At home:

Do the test on pronouns

09/12/23

At home:

Most commonly used prefixes and suffixes:
https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Word_Formation/Suffixes_and_Prefixes_gu29325pg

Negative prefixes:
https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Word_Formation/Negative_prefixes_ai311yq

Word formation
https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Word_Formation/Word_Formation_Upper-intermedate_Level_fy334nv

Word formation

https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Word_Formation/Word_formation_01_zh22149jn

DO or MAKE ???
https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Make_or_do/Make_or_do_-_collocations_ha363ei
MAKE, TAKE, HAVE or DO ???
https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Collocations/Verb_collocations_oq323ca

Dependent prepositions:
dependent prepositions
https://www.eltbase.com/quiz/063_01.htm

02/12/23

What is Parkour?

Watch the video and answer the questions:

1. What is parkour? Is it a challenge?

2. Why are repetition and training important in this kind of sport?

3. Why do people do it?

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Turning As an Obstacle When I first read about a sport called parkour, I thought it was about fluid, elegant, and graceful motions. But in practice, parkour is considered an “extreme” sport; as its participants dash around a city, they may vault over fences, run up walls, and even jump from rooftop to rooftop. So you won’t see senior citizens doing it in the park on Sunday mornings, but if you do witness it, you may think you’re watching a stunt person on a movie set. Le parkour is a French term, related to the verb parcourir, “to run over or through”. It was created by David Belle, Sebastien Foucan, and a group of their friends when they were teenagers living in the Paris suburb in the late 1980s. Belle’s father had been a soldier in Vietnam, and his preparatory programme included navigating obstacle courses. Belle picked up many of the moves from his father and, along with his friends, developed them into an art form. Parkour combines elements of running, gymnastics, dance, and martial arts into a breathtaking way of moving from place to place. The general idea is to move quickly and gracefully, treating buildings, walls, handrails, rocks, and whatever objects you come across as elements in an obstacle course. The only real rule is that you should not move backwards and that you should do it with as much efficiency and style as possible. The only equipment required for parkour is a good pair of shoes. Participants, who call themselves traceurs, wear no protective gear but typically invest a great deal of time in training and preparation in order to execute the necessary moves safely. The first thing any participant learns is how to cushion the impact of a jump by rolling. Although parkour is ultimately about clever improvisation rather than choreographed moves, there are a couple dozen or so standard maneuvers that almost all traceurs learn, including several methods for getting over tall walls. Some traceurs participate merely for the fun or the challenge, but others treat parkour as a more serious art, similar to some martial arts. As a philosophy, the movements metaphorically represent becoming one with your environment, learning how to overcome obstacles without effort, and finding creative paths – all things with practical value outside the sport. Even though parkour has reached international popularity, there is already an offshoot sport that has led to a great deal of bitterness and division among parkour proponents. Co-founder Sebastien Foucan, in a 2003 BBC documentary called “Jump London,” referred to the sport as “free-running” and that term caught on in the media. However, parkour purists feel that the direction in which Foucan has taken the activity is entirely different from what he and Belle had originally developed. The biggest difference has to do with theatrics. Free-running involves a lot of trick moves, particularly mid-air flips and spins. Because these moves are merely showy, not economical, they’re considered contrary to the nature of parkour. A free-runner may also move backwards in order to make a move as flashy as possible. But it’s not simply a matter of differing styles. Manufacturers are capitalizing on the growing interest in parkour and free-running by introducing special shoes, designer clothing, and so on; free-running competitions are also beginning to appear. The author claims that parkour …

1)  represents an elite sport.     2)  requires a lot of effort.     3)  is very affordable.     4)  has been popularized by the media.

The origins of parkour moves could be found in …

1)  a military training programme.     2)  European art.     3)  the games of Paris teenagers.     4)  the Vietnamese culture.

According to the author, the rules of parkour are …

1)  very complicated.     2)  difficult to follow.     3)  not defined.     4)  limited to one only.

According to the author, a parkour participant begins with …

1)  buying a pair of shoes.     2)  acquiring protection gear.     3)  learning how to fall safely.     4)  taking choreography lessons.

According to the author, for some participants parkour expresses …

1)  the power of creativity.     2)  an effortless life.     3)  the beauty of movement.     4)  unity with nature.

According to the text, the introduction of free-running …

1)  is widely supported by enthusiasts.     2)  will ultimately replace parkour.     3)  has had little impact on traditional parkour.     4)  is not accepted by some parkour fans.

Comparing parkour and free-running, the author claims that  …

1)  free-running is more showy.     2)  parkour is more popular.     3)  their rules don’t differ.     4)  free-running is more competitive.

At home: You have 20 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes: Last summer my parents and I went hiking to the mountains. We spent the whole week together and enjoyed it very much. How often do you take active holidays? Who do you think is the best company for you? What extreme sports would you like to try, if any, and why? Last month our English class got an interesting project. We wrote a paper about interesting events in the past of our country … Write a letter to Tom. In your letter -       answer his questions -       ask 3 questions about his project paper Write 100 –$$ 140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

24/11/23

Task 4.

Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project"A club to join". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. 

In 2.5 minutes be ready to:   

  - explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;

 - mention the advantages(1-2) of the two types of clubs;  

- mention the disadvantages (1-2) of the two types of clubs; 

 - express your opinion on the subject of the project -  which of these two types of clubs you'd prefer to join and why.

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12-15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.    

Photo 1

Photo 2

 

Шаблон к заданию 4 устной части ЕГЭ - 2024 (новый формат): 

Hi.... (Ann/Kate/Ben)! How are you doing? I have found some photos for our project "NAME" but for technical reasons I can't send them to you right now. I'd like to say a few words about them, explain my choice and share my ideas about the project. 

1) Let me describe them to you. In the first picture you can see .... There is/There are ...... in the second picture. I have chosen these pictures because they perfectly illustrate our project as they show .... Talking about the differences, the key difference is that in the 1st picture ...... while in the 2nd picture ..... . So, this difference justifies the choice of the photos as it highlights the topic of our project. 

2) I believe that both activities (hobbies/ ways of life/sports/ways of spending holidays) ... (см.задание) have their advantages. I suppose (I think) that the main advantage of .... is that (it is /it's beneficial/helpful/a healthy activity/develops your body/broadens your horizons/it's free, etc.) while the main advantage of (the 2nd activity/hobby/way of life, etc) is that ...it is/it's....../ it allows you to spend more time ..../it helps you..., etc,)

3) Yet (still/however), both activities/hobbies/ways of spending free time have their disadvantages. I suppose(I guess) that the main disadvantage of ... is .... . As for the main disadvantage of (the 2nd activity), it is that ......

 4) Personally. I (prefer/preferred/would prefer) .... The main reason for this is the fact that ...(as/because...) 

That's all from me now. Hope, everything will be OK with my device and I'll be able to send my photos to you. Please get in touch with me and tell me if you think they suit our project. 

11/11/23

Write a letter: 

From: Harry

Subject: Virtual learning

... You know, virtual learning has been introduced in our college. Have you ever experienced virtual learning, how was it? Is virtual learning beneficial to students, what are its benefits? What are the drawbacks of virtual learning?

       ... Last week I went on an excursion to London.

In your message:

-answer his questions;

-ask 6 questions about his excursion

Write 100-140 words

Задание от 6.10.2023 :

Вариант 2

Task 1. 

Imagine that you are doing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read the text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it. 

Ice hockey has a long history. It  started on frozen lakes and rivers of Canadian winters in the 19th century. Now the games are played at high-tech arenas before 20,000 fans and are shown on TV. Though the rules and equipment have changed through the sport's 128-year history, the spirit of the game remains the same. Hockey has always been  a sport of speed and grace mixed with a certain amount of violence. 

That combination has proven irresistible to fans for over a century. A crowd of 5,000 reportedly watched the first ever Stanley Cup competition in 1893. During the 2002/2003 season, attendance at national Hockey League games topped 20 million. The history of hockey holds more than just changing rules and regulations. A host of colourful characters, interesting traditions, and strange events mark hockey's timeline. 

Task 2. Study the advertisement. 

Keep fit with us! 

You are considering joining a gym and now you'd like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following: 

1) equipment available; 

2) special clothes needed; 

3) public transport to get there; 

4) membership fee.   

You have 20 seconds to ask each question. 

Task 3.   

You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2-3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question. 

Interviewer: Hello, everyone! It's the Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss special days.  We'd like to know our guest's point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let's get started. 

Interviewer: What special day is your favourite? Why do you like it? 

Student: -----------------------------

Interviewer: Could you please tell us about some specific traditions associated with this day? 

Student: -----------------------------

Interviewer: What holidays did you use to celebrate in your childhood? 

Student: -----------------------------

Interviewer: What special days are celebrated both in Britain and in Russia? 

Student: -----------------------------

Interviewer: Could you please tell us about some specific British traditions associated with a British holiday? 

Student: -----------------------------

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview. 

Task 4

Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "The  electronic age". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. 

In 2.5 minutes be ready to:   

  - explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;

 - mention the advantages(1-2) of the two types of images;  

- mention the disadvantages (1-2) of the two types of images; 

 - express your opinion on the subject of the project -  which of these two types of pictures you'd prefer to have and why.

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12-15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. 

Photo 1 

Photo 2

          

12.05.23 Выполнить задания УЧ:

Задание 1 - Чтение текста вслух. 

With the rise in recent technology we seem to be rapidly losing the art of conversation. Talking on the phone used to be the means of communication for most people, but over the last 20 years texting or instant messaging has developed into one of the most popular ways of keeping in touch with friends and family. 

Recent studies have shown that people are more likely to text than actually talk. Texting is great for quick short messages and meaningless banter. But it is very difficult to have a deep and meaningful text conversation. Firstly, you cannot hear the intonation when someone is texting you. Secondly, texting lacks eye contact and body language, which are crucial facets of face-to-face communication. So, whatever is happening in your world, put that mobile phone down and talk  to someone before you forget how. 

The Words:

1. banter брит.  |ˈbæntə| - шутка, добродушное подшучивание 

2. crucial брит.  |ˈkruːʃ(ə)l| - решающий; ключевой 

3. facet брит.  |ˈfæsɪt|  - грань, аспект

Task 2. Study the advertisement.  

Healthy mind in a healthy body! 

You are considering doing a medical check-up and now you'd like to ask four direct questions to find  out about the following: 

1) specialists available; 

2) waiting time for medical tests; 

3) making an appointment online; 

4) full check-up price. 

You have 20 seconds to ask each question. 

12 British Traditions

Task 3. You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2-3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question. 

Interviewer: Hello everyone! It's the Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss special days. We'd like to know our guest's point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let's get started. 

Interviewer: What special day is your favourite? Why do you like it? 

Student: __________________________________________________ 

Interviewer: Could you please tell us about some specific traditions associated with this day? 

Student: __________________________________________________ 

Interviewer: What holidays did you use to celebrate in your childhood? 

Student: __________________________________________________ 

Interviewer: What special days are celebrated both in Britain and in Russia? 

Student: __________________________________________________ 

Interviewer: Could you please tell us about some specific British tradition associated with a British holiday? 

Student: __________________________________________________ 

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview. 

Task 4. Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "A club to join". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2,5 minutes be ready to: 

• explain the choice of illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;  
• mention the advantages (1-2) of the two types of clubs; 
• mention the disadvantages (1-2) of the two types of clubs; 
• express your opinion on the subject of the project - which type of clubs you'd prefer to join and why.     

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12-15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. 

Photo 1 

Photo 2 

 

20.01.23

38. 2     Imagine that you are doing a project on how frequently teenagers in Russia use social media. You have found some data on the subject - the results of the opinion polls (see the diagram below).   

Comment on the data in the diagram and give your opinion on the subject of the project.     

        How frequently teenagers in Russia use social media

More than once a day                                              70% 

Do not use social media                                           19% 

Once a week                                                                5% 

Less than weekly                                                        3% 

Once a day                                                                   3%    

Write 200-250 words.   

Use the following plan:     

   - make an opening statement on the subject of the project;        

   - select and report 2-3 facts;  

  -  make 1-2 comparisons where relevant; 

 -   outline a problem that can arise with using social media in Russia and suggest a way of solving it; 

 - conclude by giving your opinion on the importance of  social media for teenagers.

13/01/23

Task 3 interview (follow the link)

http://ege.fipi.ru/os11/docs//questions/CE19C538BD89A516423565DA8E6EAF2F/img1_1665759685.mp3

Task 4. Imagine that you are doing a project “Tastes differ” together with your friend. You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to:

• give a brief description of the photos, justifying the choice of the photos for the project;
• say in what way the pictures are different, justifying the choice of the photos for the project;  
• mention the advantages and disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of food;
• express your opinion on the subject of the project – which kind of food you prefer and why.

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.

Photo 1	Photo 2

23.12.22

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных заданий (40.1 или 40.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №$$ 2 и выполните согласно данному плану. В ответе на задание 40 числительные пишите цифрами.

Imagine that you are doing a project on how people stay healthy in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject –$$ the results of the opinion polls (see the table below) . Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.   Staying healthy Number of respondents (%) Not eating fast food 42% Having a balanced diet 24% Doing sports 22% Getting to bed early 10% Doing morning exercises 2%   Write 200–$$250 words. Use the following plan: –$$      make an opening statement on the subject of the project; –$$      select and report 2–$$3 facts; –$$      make 1–$$2 comparisons where relevant; –$$      outline a problem that can arise with some approaches to staying healthy and suggest a way of solving it; –$$      conclude by giving your opinion on the importance of staying healthy.

16.12.22

Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

Task 2. Study the advertisement.

You are considering attending the driving school and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find out about the following:

 

The best driving school in the city!

1) location;
2) morning classes;
3) minimum age for students;
4) tuition fee;
5) types of cars used.

6)discounts

7)equipment

8)staff qualification

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Task 3. You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers
to the questions (2–3 sentences).

Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

 

Topics to get ready for the oral test:

Начало формы Task 3. You are going to give a talk about your school holidays. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: when you have school holidays; what school holidays you would make longer, and why; what you enjoy doing during your school holidays; what your attitude to school holidays is.   You have to talk continuously. Конец формы

 

Начало формы Task 3. You are going to give a talk about travelling. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: why people like travelling; what means of transport is the best for travelling, and why; what places in Russia you would like to visit; what your attitude to travelling is.   You have to talk continuously. Конец формы

 

Начало формы Task 3. You are going to give a talk about reading books. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: whether reading is popular with teenagers, and why, or why not; what kind of books you like reading; why many people prefer e-books to paper books; what your attitude to reading is.   You have to talk continuously. Конец формы

 

Начало формы Task 3. You are going to give a talk about travelling. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: why most people enjoy travelling; what people like doing while travelling; what place you would like to go to, and why; what your attitude to travelling is.   Конец формы

 

Начало формы Task 3. You are going to give a talk about keeping fit. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: why doing sport is very important for modern teenagers; what else besides sport  young people do to keep fit;  what you  enjoy doing in your free time; what your attitude to doing sports activities is.   You have to talk continuously. Конец формы

 

 

Начало формы Task 3. You are going to give a talk about your school. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: ·          what your typical school day is like; ·          what subjects at school you find most useful for your future, and why; ·          what you are going to do when you leave school; what your attitude to school life is.   You have to talk continuously. Конец формы

  

 

 

Начало формы Task 3. You are going to give a talk about school life. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: what your weekday is like; what you like about your school most of all; whether you prefer classroom learning or online learning, and why; what your attitude to your school life is.   You have to talk continuously. Конец формы

 

Начало формы Task 3. You are going to give a talk about sports. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: why a lot of young people do sports nowadays; what sports clubs and teams there are in your school; what you do to keep fit;   what your attitude to doing sports activities is.   You have to talk continuously. Конец формы

 

Начало формы Task 3. You are going to give a talk about environmental problems. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: ·why people worry about environmental problems nowadays; ·what the most serious environmental problem in the place where you live is; ·what young people can do to improve the ecological situation;  ·what your attitude to environmental problems is.     You have to talk continuously. Конец формы

Начало формы Task 3. You are going to give a talk about your free time. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: whether you have a lot of free time, and why, or why not; what you enjoy doing in your free time; what your Sunday afternoons are like; what your attitude to planning your free time is.    You have to talk continuously. Конец формы

 

Начало формы Task 3. You are going to give a talk about your best friend. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: what people need friends for; how long you and your friend have known each other; what you enjoy doing together; what your attitude to friendship is.    You have to talk continuously. Конец формы

 

English Pronouns:

English pronouns table (press the link)

Subject Pronouns	Object Pronouns
1st person singular	I	Me
2nd person singular	You	You
3rd person singular (male)	He	Him
3rd person singular (female)	She	Her
3rd person	It	It
1st person (plural)	We	Us
2nd person (plural)	You	You
3rd person (plural)	They	Them

Possessive Adjectives	Possessive Pronouns	Reflexive Pronouns
1st person singular	My	Mine	Myself
2nd person singular	Your	Yours	Yourself
3rd person singular (male)	His	His	Himself
3rd person singular (female)	Her	Hers	Herself
3rd person	Its	Its	Itself
1st person (plural)	Our	Ours	Ourselves
2nd person (plural)	Your	Yours	Yourselves
3rd person (plural)	Their	Theirs	Themselves

Exercise 1 Use a object pronoun as the object in each sentence based on the word(s) in parentheses. 1. Please give ____ the book. (Peter) 2. I bought ____ last week. (the car) 3. Angela visited ____ two months ago. (Mary) 4. I enjoyed listening to ____ last week. (the song) 5. Alexander asked ____ to give the book to him. ( I) 6. She ate ____ quickly and left for work. (breakfast) 7. I picked ____ up at seven o'clock. (Peter and Jane) 8. I like reading ____ before I go to sleep. (magazines) 9. It's very difficult to memorize ____. (the new vocabulary words) 10. Tom gave ____ some advice. (my wife and I) 

Exercise 2 Use a possessive adjective in the gap in each sentence based on the word(s) in parentheses. 1. That's ____ book on the table. (I) 2. Peter asked ____ sister to the dance. (Jane) 3. We bought ____ book last week. (Alex Smith) 4. ____ color is red. (The car) 5. Would you like to buy ____ cookies? (My friends and I) 6. Peter picked up ____ lunch and left for school. (Peter) 7. Alison asked ____ questions because they couldn't come. (Mary and Frank) 8. I think ____ idea is crazy! (You) 9. I'd like to hear ____ opinion. (Susan) 10. She works for ____ company. (John) 

Exercise 3 Use a possessive pronoun in the gap in each sentence based on the word(s) in parentheses. 1. The book is ____. (John) 2. I think we should go in ____. (The boy's car) 3. That house is ____. (Kathy) 4. Do you hear the telephone? I think it's ____. (my telephone) 5. I'm sure it's ____. (the computer that belongs to my sister and me) 6. Look at that car. It's ____. (Mary and Peter) 7. That dog over there is ____. (Henry) 8. Those bicycles are ____. (Jack and Peter) 9. No, that one is ____. (you) 10. Yes, that one is ____. (I) 

Exercise 4 Think about whether the missing pronoun in each sentence is being used as a subject or an object. Write the correct pronoun form on the line to complete the sentence.

 1. Samuel is in my class. ______________(He/Him) is my friend. 

2. My mother and I bought some things at the store. The store will deliver them to _________________(we/us). 3. I baked a cake for Grandma Shirley. I couldn’t wait until Sunday to give it to ______________ (she/her). 4. Uncle Joe is coming to visit in December. ___________(He/Him) will stay in our guest room. 5. Our family is taking a trip to the Grand Canyon. Our neighbor is going to watch our house for _______________(we/us). 6. Andrew and his sister will arrive on the next plane. I am going to pick __________________ (they/them) up. 7. Next summer, Eric is taking the train to Oregon. _______________(He/Him) already bought the train tickets. 8. Studying for school is important to Vanessa. _______________(She/Her) wants to get good grades this year. 9. The television and the stereo were not working correctly. My dad asked the man to repair ___________________ (they/them). 10. We’re planning to go to the movies on Saturday night. Would you like to come with ____________________(we/us?) 11. Alice and Jennifer like to bake cookies. ________________ (They/Them) are going to bake some this afternoon. 12. You and I have been friends for a very long time. ______________(We/Us) will probably be friends forever!

Pronouns exercises (press the link)

Studying for the RNE

Task 1 Прочитайте тексты и задайте к каждому тексту такой  вопрос, чтобы текст служил ответом на него:

A.  The age between 14 and 17 is often considered to be one of the best periods in a person’s life. Grown-ups remember it with excitement and happiness. The wish they were teenagers again. However, most teenagers won’t agree with this point of view if they were asked. They're sure that they are facing a lot of difficult problems and that's quite true. B.  Smoking has become one of the most important problems for modern teenagers. About 40 percent of teenagers are attracted by the bright cigarette advertisement. It seems they just don't realize the harm it does to their health, because advertisements show smoking as something positive. They really believe that smoking will make them look like they're cool and grown-up. C.  In fact, teenagers have got a lot of work. They're busy with their studies, household chores, some of them have jobs. They can’t even find a moment to entertain themselves at times. It’s a more serious problem especially for those who are responsible and want to be successful students and good children. D.  The problem number one for most young people is between fathers and sons. All young people want to be independent, they want their parents to listen to their opinion. As for parents, they want to control their children’s lives. At the same time some parents can’t find a common language with their kids and simply don’t pay enough attention to them. E.  They say that all teenagers want to have a lot of money to dress well, to go to theatres, to visit foreign countries, to eat what they want and to buy books. But how can they do all these things? They have to get some money and it’s possible to do it. Some teenagers wash cars, others sell newspapers, help elderly people and babysit. F.  School ages are also very difficult. Children are always stressed because of their marks at school. It seems to teenagers that they do a lot of homework, but mothers and fathers are never satisfied. They want their children to have the highest marks at school. Teenagers do their best, but adults are never happy. They always want more. G.  There are many organizations which unite young people. Teenagers get together because of common interests and beliefs. Members of every organisations have their own attitudes to the world. There are some informal clubs, for example: emos, hippies, punks, and so on. However, some teenagers choose to join more serious groups like Greenpeace.  Task 2 Подберите заголовок к каждому тексту: 1.  Generation gap 2.  Attractive but unhealthy 3.  Youth movements and societies 4.  Always busy     5.  Conflicts with friends 6.  Parents’ ambitions 7.  Are teenagers happy? 8.  They want to earn and spend

Task 3. You are going to give a talk about the Internet. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences). Remember to say:

·         -what people use the Internet for

·   -what educational opportunities the Internet offers to students

·        - whether the Internet can be harmful for users, and why

-what your attitude to the Internet is

 

Task 4. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 01.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The mobile phone has become an important part of our everyday life. We can’t imagine our lives without it now. Thanks to the mobile phone we can keep in contact with our relatives and friends at any time. We use them to text and to send emails, to share photos and videos. We can use the Internet and listen to music and do lots of other things. However, according to surveys, mobile phone users mostly spend their time on games and social networking. Around 80 percent of the world’s population has a mobile phone. The mobile phone industry is the fastest growing industry in the world. From 1983 to 2016, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew to over 7 billion.

Task 5 You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Ben.

… I can’t imagine my life without my computer and the Internet! Now I can write all my stories and immediately send them to my friends to read...

…What do you use your computer for? How much time do you spend working on your computer? What else do you do in your free time? …

Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Write 100–120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

Выучить список из 50 неправильных глаголов к тесту: 

Base form (1), Past simple (2), Past participle (3)
 
1.   become, became, become
2.   begin, began, begun
3.   blow, blew, blown
4.   break, broke, broken
5.   bring, brought, brought
6.   buy, bought, bought
7.   choose, chose, chosen
8.   come, came, come
9.   do, did, done
10.               draw, drew, drawn
11.               drink, drank, drunk
12.               drive, drove, driven
13.               fall, fell, fallen
14.               fight, fought, fought
15.               find, found, found
16.               fly, flew, flown
17.               forget, forgot, forgotten
18.               get, got, gotten
19.               give, gave, given
20.               go, went, gone
21.               have, had, had
22.               hear, heard, heard
23.               keep, kept, kept
24.               know, knew, known
25.               leave, left, left
26.               lose, lost, lost
27.               make, made, made
28.               mean, meant, meant
29.               meet, met, met
30.               pay, paid, paid
31.               put, put, put
32.               quit, quit, quit
33.               read, read, read
34.               ride, rode, ridden
35.               rise, rose, risen
36.       run, ran, run
37.       say, said, said
38.      see, saw, seen
39.      sell, sold, sold
40.      send, sent, sent
41.      sit, sat, sat

     42.  speak, spoke, spoken 

     43.   steal, stole, stolen

      44.     swim, swam, swum

      45.       take, took, taken

      46.   teach, taught, taught

      47.   tell, told, told

     48. think, thought, thought

      49. understand, understood, understood

      50.   write, wrote, written

PHRASAL VERBS

Prepositions of time and place

WH-Questions

Word Order exercise 1

Word Order exercise 2

Word Order exercise 3

Word Order only Questions

Ask questions:

1. As for the latest news, I have just returned from a trip to Scotland ...

 

Write a letter to Tom. In your letter answer his questions, ask 3 questions about his trip to Scotland. Write 100−140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing. 

2. By the way, I'm going to spend a month at the seaside this summer...

 

Write a letter to Mary. In your letter answer her questions, ask 3 questions about her coming summer holidays.

3.As for the latest news, I have just entered courses...

Write a letter to Andrea. In your letter answer her questions, ask 3 questions about her courses. 

Study the advertisement.

 

 

You are considering visiting the coffee shop and you'd like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask  direct questions to find out the following:

1) special offers

2) discounts for regular customers

3) most popular coffee

4) if they have a parking lot

5) free Wi-Fi

6) location of the coffee shop

7) services they provide

8) if they work at weekends

9) competitive advantages

10) size of the shop

11) if they have lunch hours

12) website

13) capacity

14) if delivery is possible

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

ВПР (8 класс)

Вы­бе­ри­те фо­то­гра­фию и опи­ши­те ее. У вас есть пол­то­ры ми­ну­ты на под­го­тов­ку и не более двух минут для от­ве­та. У вас дол­жен по­лу­чить­ся связ­ный рас­сказ (7–8 пред­ло­же­ний).

План от­ве­та по­мо­жет вам:

— the place

— the action

— the appearance of the person

— whether you like the picture or not

— why

Start with: “I’d like to describe picture № ... . The picture shows …”

Аудирование ВПР (нажми на ссылку)

Аудирование ОГЭ (нажми на ссылку)

Чтение вслух

Про­чи­тай­те текст вслух. У вас есть пол­то­ры ми­ну­ты на под­го­тов­ку и пол­то­ры ми­ну­ты, чтобы про­чи­тать текст вслух.

 

1. The Internet entered the life of people in the 20th century. It took us less than ten years to face the fact of its spreading all over the world, including the developing countries. It has become not only the hugest information resource in the world, but one of the most rapid means of communication. People from different countries have got an opportunity to communicate with each other in quite a short time. In comparison with a snail-mail or even airmail, an e-mail gets over distance and time, borders of states with a fascinating speed.

Thus, people get closer to each other. Now they have got a chance to get to know each other better, to become aware of what is common among nations and unites them, and what is different.

2. Sleep is food for the brain. During sleeping, important body functions and brain activity occur. Skipping sleep can be really harmful. You can look bad, you may feel moody, perform poorly. Sleepiness can make it hard to get along with your family and friends and hurt your scores on school exams. Teens need about 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night to function best. Unfortunately, most teens do not get enough sleep.

Not getting enough sleep or having sleep difficulties can limit your ability to learn, listen, concentrate and solve problems. You may even forget important information like names, numbers, your homework or a date with a special person in your life. Moreover, lack of sleep can lead to aggressive or inappropriate behavior.

Про­чи­тай­те текст и вставь­те вме­сто каж­до­го про­пус­ка нуж­ную грам­ма­ти­че­скую форму, вы­брав её из вы­па­да­ю­ще­го спис­ка.

A Big Party

Mr Harris used to work in Dover, but then he changed his job, and he and his wife moved to another town. They did not have A____ friends there, but they soon met a lot of interesting people, and after a few weeks, they often B____ to dinner or to parties at other people’s houses.

Then Mrs Harris C____ to her husband, “We’ve been to a lot of other people’s houses, and now we must invite them to our house, mustn’t we?” “Yes, certainly,” answered her husband. “A big party will be the easiest, won’t it? Then we can start to invite people to dinner in small numbers next month.” D____ Mrs Harris said, ”Yes, I’ll invite all our friends here to a big party on 5th December.” “How many will that be?” Mr Harris asked. “Don’t invite too many.” Mrs Harris was beginning to write the invitations when her husband E____ that she was writing, “Party: 6.30 to 8.30 p.m.” “That isn’t very polite is it?” he said. “You’re telling our guests that they must go home at 8.30.” So Mrs Harris just wrote, “Party: 6.30 p.m .” A lot of guests came, and they all had a good time, so they did not go home at 8.30. In fact, they were still there at midnight when the door bell rang and a policeman arrived. He said, “You must stop making a noise, because someone has complained.”

A 1) much 2) a lot 3) many 4) little

B 1) invited 2) went 3) arrived 4) walked

C 1) spoke 2) told 3) asked 4) said

D 1) So 2) Soon 3) But 4) After

E 1) watched 2) saw 3) looked 4) noticed

Про­чи­тай­те текст и вставь­те вме­сто каж­до­го про­пус­ка под­хо­дя­щее слово, вы­брав его из вы­па­да­ю­ще­го спис­ка. Два слова в спис­ке лиш­ние.

After School

Tom could not concentrate for the rest of the morning (which was not unusual). He tried really (A)____ but the confusion inside him was too great. In the geography (B)____ he turned lakes into mountains, mountains into (C)____ , rivers into continents, until everything was complete chaos. In the spelling class he made (D)____ in the simplest words, and he messed up his reading in the (E)____ class.

At last the school bell rang. He ran to Becky. They went into the school-house which was empty and sat down. Tom gave Becky his pencil and guided her hand across the page. They drew a beautiful house.

 

1. last; 2. reading; 3. mistakes; 4. class; 5. hard; 6. pencil; 7. rivers.

How to write a private letter in English (Grade 8)

Private Letter Rules to Follow (press the link)

An informal letter: the correct sequence (exercise)

The layout of an informal letter (exercise)

An informal letter: correct the mistakes (exercise)

You have 30 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Ben.

… I can’t imagine my life without my computer and the Internet! Now I can write all my stories and immediately send them to my friends to read...

…What do you use your computer for? How much time do you spend working on your computer? What else do you do in your free time? …

Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.

Write 100–${\displaystyle }$120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

You have 30 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Andrew.

…We have lots of optional courses at school, like a sculpture class or a drama class and others. I wish I had more time for this kind of activity! But I spend so much time on my main subjects that I have no time for anything else…

…What school subject do you find the most difficult, why? How much time do you need to do your homework? How do you spend your free time?…

Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.

Write 100–${\displaystyle }$120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

Reading qu, qua, sion, ssion, sure, tion, mb, kn, ng

Key Word Transformations (exercises)

Key Word Transformations (2)

Key Word Transformations 3

For Questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

Example:
I haven't seen you for years.
ages
It's (been ages since I) saw you.


1. 'Why don't you come over for dinner at the weekend?' he asked her.
suggested
He .................................. for dinner at the weekend.

2. The school I studied at last year was better than this one.
good
This school ................... my last one.

3. Although the weather was terrible we had a good time.
inspite
We had a good time .................... the terrible weather.

4. Being rude is inexcusable.
excuse
There is ............................. rude.

5. I regret taking up smoking.
wish
I ..................................... up smoking.

6. The police are interviewing the suspects.
interviewed
The suspects ..................................... by the police.

Reading PH

The same or different?

recOrd or rEcord

ACcent (акцент)	acCENT (акцентировать, подчеркивать)
ADdict (ярый приверженец чего-либо)	adDICT (увлекаться чем-то)
ADdress (адрес)	adDRESS (обращаться к кому-то)
ATtribute (неотъемлемая черта)	atTRIBute (приписывать что-то кому-то)

CONflict (конфликт)

conFLICT (противоречить, вступать в спор)

CONtrast (контраст)

conTRAST (сравнивать, противоречить)

DEsert (пустыня)	deSERT (сущ. — достоинство, преимущество; гл. покидать, оставлять)
DEtail (деталь)	deTAIL (подробно излагать, снабжать мелкими деталями)

EXport (экспорт)	exPORT (экспортировать)
EXtract ( экстракт, фрагмент)	exTRACT (извлекать)
FInance (финансы, деньги)	fiNANCE (финансировать)
FRAgment (фрагмент, кусок, часть)	fragMENT (разбивать на куски)
IMpact (импульс, сильное воздействие, влияние)	imPACT (плотно сжимать, сильно воздействовать)

OBject (предмет, вещь, цель)

obJECT (возражать, не любить)

PERmit (разрешение)

perMIT (разрешать)

PREsent (текущий момент, настоящее время; дар, подарок)

preSENT (дарить; давать спектакль и т.п.)

PROcess (сущ. — процесс, гл. — вызывать кого-то в суд; оформлять документы)	proCESS (брит. разг. — участвовать в демонстрации)
PROduce (изделие; результат)	proDUCE (производить, изготовлять)
PROgress (прогресс, продвижение; успехи, достижения)	proGRESS (развиваться; двигаться дальше; делать успехи)
PROject (проект, задумка)	proJECT (планировать, прогнозировать; выдаваться (о неровности))
PROtest (протест)	proTEST (протестовать)

REfuse (отказ)

refUSE (отказывать)

SUBject (тема разговора)	subJECT (подчинять,покорять; подвергать воздействию)
SURvey (опрос)	surVEY (проводить опрос; внимательно осматривать)
SUSpect (подозреваемый)	susPECT (подозревать)

TRANSfer (перенос, перемещение)

transFER (переносить, перемещать)

TRANSport (транспорт)

transPORT (перемещать)

ABsent (отсутствующий)	abSENT (отсутствовать)
FREquent (частый)	freQUENT (часто посещать какое-нибудь место)
PERfect (идеальный)	perFECT (совершенствовать, улучшать)
прилагательное	существительное
inVALid (недействительный (документ и т.п.)	INvalid (больной, инвалид)
miNUTE (мелкий, мельчайший (см. произношение)	MInute (минута, мгновение, миг)
comPLEX (совокупность; закомплексованность)	COMplex (сложный, запутанный)

Reading vowels:

ai, ay, au, aw, ee, ea, oo, ou, ow, oi, oy, ew

Read the text, follow the rules:

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

 

Many lands that had once been swamps were drained or filled in. There are different reasons why people drained swamplands. Some were drained to fight diseases caused by insects that lived in them. Because swamps were considered unpleasant places in which to live and harmful to health, many people thought that unless they were drained the land was worthless.

Other swamps were drained to make new land. As the population grew and more land was needed, people drained swamps or filled them to make room for more farms and factories, more roads and airports.

Few people thought that it might be harmful to get rid of swamps. As swamps disappeared, other things happened. There were both more floods and more droughts than before. There were also more fires, for swamps had acted as firebreaks. Hunters noticed that there was less wild game. Wild life that once lived in the swamps was dying out, because it had no place to live.

Reading (exercises):

1.    Буква “a” читается как:

[ɔ:] перед сочетанием “l”+ согласная

(перед “k”+ согласная “l” не читается)

                              salt [sɔ:lt]

                              wall [wɔ:l]

                              chalk [t∫ɔ:k]

[a:] перед “f”, “n”, “s”, “t”+ согласная

                            staff [sta:f]

                            dance [da:ns]

                            past [pa:st]

                            path [pa:θ]

[a:] перед сочетаниями “lm”, “lf”. В этих сочетаниях согласная “l” не читается.

                            half [ha:f]

 

2.    Буква “i” читается как [ai] перед сочетаниями “ld’, “nd’:

                                        mild [maild]

                                        kind [kaind]

3.    Буква “o” читается как:

       [əʊ] перед сочетаниями “ld”, “lt”, “st”:

                            old [əʊld]

                            holt [həʊlt]

                            post [pəʊst]

         [Λ]   перед “m”, “n”, “th”, “v”:

                            come [cΛm]

                            month [mΛnθ]

                            another [ən ׳Λðə]

                            glove [glΛv]

          [əʊ] в конце слова:

                            potato [pə׳teitəʊ]

                            hero [׳hiərəʊ]

 4.    Сочетания “ough”, “augh” читаются как [ɔ:]:

                                        thought [θɔ:t]

                                        daughter [׳dɔ:tə]

 

5.    Сочетание “igh” читается как [ai]

                                        high [hai]

                                        fight [fait]

 

Тренировочные упражнения

 

 [ɔ:]  also,false, salt, alter, bald, almost, already, always, walnut, all, ball, call, fall, gall, tall, wall, balk, calk, chalk, stalk, talk, walk

 

[a:] ask, answer, pass, grass, plant, bath, path, father, rather, fasten, can’t, after, class, chance

 

[ai] child, mild, wild, bind, blind, behind, find, kind, mind

 

[əʊ] old, cold, bold, told, sold, gold, fold, hold, scold, bolt, colt, dolt, molten, host, most, post, poster

 

[Λ]   some, come, comfort, company, stomach, become, compass, none, money, monkey, son, ton, sponge, monk, month, Monday, London, front, won, among, 

done, tongue, monger, onion, dove, glove, love, above, cover, govern, oven, 

mother, brother, nothing, other, another.

 

ck	[ k ]	black, stick
ng	[ ŋ ] в конце слова	sing, bring, ring, reading
sh	[ ∫ ]	she, shop, fish
ph	[ f ]	phone, photograph
	[ v ]	nephew
th	[ ð ] в начале местоимений, служебных слов и между гласными	this, that, the
	[ θ ] в начале знаменательных слов и в конце слова	thank, thick
	[ t ]	Thames
wh	[ w ] в начале слова перед всеми гласными, кроме о	when, white, why
	[ h ] перед о	who
kn	[ n ]	know, knife
wr	[ r ]	write, wrong
gh	[ f ]	enough
	[ - ]	high
gn	[ n ]	sign
ss	[ s ]	possible
	[ ∫ ]	pressure
sc	[ sk ]	screen
	[ s ] перед    е ,і	scene
ch	[ t∫ ]	chess
	[ k ]	chemistry
	[ ∫ ]	machine
tch	[ t∫ ]	match
qu	[ kw ] перед гласными	question

 

Тренировочные упражнения

 

[ k ]    black, pick, chicken, rocket, knock, duck, deck, stomach, Christmas, Christ,

         chemistry, mechanical

 

[ ŋ ]    thing, ring, song, belong, length, hang

 

[ ∫ ]  ship, sheep, shallow, shop,  shy,  shoe, shrub, wash, cash, fashion, Russian,

pressure, mission, issue, expression, moustache, machine, chassis, chalet  

 

[ f ] phone, photo, phonetics, pheasant, phrase, philosophy, symphony, telegraph

 

[ð]  this, that, they, these, without, weather, gather, mother, bathe, breathe, rather

 

[ θ ]    thick, thin, width, length, thank, think, tooth, bath, healthy,

 

[ w ]   whale, wheel, wheat, which, whether, where, why, whey, what, when, white

 

[ h ]    who, whom, whose, whole, whoop, whodunit

 

[ n ]    knife, knee, knit, knot, knock, knob, know, knowledge, knight

 

[ r ]    write, wrong, wrist, wring, wrap, wreath, wreck, wry, wrinkle, wrestle

 

[ n ]   sign, design, benign, align, malign, campaign, champagne, foreign

 

[ s ]   scent, descent, scene, miscellaneous, scissors, science, fascinate, oscillate

 

[ t∫ ]  chiken, chair, which, achieve, cheap, church, match, watch, fetch, butcher,

        catch, witch, itch

 

[ kw ] quake, quality, queen, quiz, equal, require, inquire, equipment, liquid, quite

Правила чтения гласных

Типы слогов	A	E	I,Y	O	U
I (“открытый” слог)	[ei] name	[i:] me	[ai] nice, my	[εu] no	[ju:] tune
II (“закрытый” слог)	[æ] cat	[e] pet	[i] sit, gym	[o] pot	[∧] but
III (гласная+r)	[a:] car	[ë] prefer	[∋:] stir, myrtle	[o:] for	[∋:] fur
IV (гласная+re)	[ε∋] care	[i∋] here	[ai∋] fire, tyre	[o:] more	[u∋] sure

I тип – note, lone, mice, rice, type, tune, shy, same, tie, due, eve, cope, smoke, spine, sly, cry, vine, maze, tube, fume, cube, pace, lace, fee, hale, arena, kite, sane, slope.

II тип – cap, spot, lot, rat, send, pit, send, hog, spell, tin, less, ban, fat, led, land, tin, pattern, slip, jam, gap, lag, kin, ink, cod, spin, hop, bank, rank, bun, fun, vet, well, nut, message, pretend, prolong, insist.

III тип – stern, far, curt, hard, hart, fork, cork,  sort, term, first, Byrd, furs, curl, firm, curb, perk, turn, sir, burn, turn, born, stern, torn, bird, form, serf, herb.

IV тип – fare, here, pure, rare, cure, tired, during, mare, fire, bare, endure, mire, stare, tire,  sere, square, mere, store, lure, core, care, lyre

 Упражнение на все типы чтения гласных:

bottle, sort, button, pure, nice, tiny, bone, toe, pattern, exam, message, pretend, met, hop, card, pin, must, fur, dirt, map, corn, tip, pistol, force, serve, girl, port, circle, cap, flag, byte, cute, spy, flute, tune, sky, June, huge, curl, net, verb, Syntax, burn, myth, storm, ordinary, ugly, march, type, entire, cork, pin, store, hare, spot, fin, glide, surfing, cricket, demure, stripped, jungle, tornado, drizzle, Athens, capable, fake, fancy, cripple, string, odd, finance, humble, symphonic, stir, mumble, chopped, scope, cap, pole, shirt.

Reading Letter Gg 

 Reading Letter Cc and Letter Combination CH

Word order

Word Order Rules and Exercises

Word Order Exercise 1

Word Order Exercise 2

Write affirmative sentences in the correct word order.

 1. only / in / the village / it / restaurant / is / the ____________________________________

 2. surprised / very / yesterday / see / I / to / him / was ___________________________________________________________________

 3. so / it / didn’t / a / day / I / was / very / much / sunny / work. ____________________________________________________________________

 4. badly / the / by the police / treated / prisoner / was __________________________________________________________________________5. whenever / terrible / match / I / I / a / lose / feel __________________________________________________________________________ 6. more / than / a / is / a / tiger / dangerous / lion _________________________________________________________________________  7. in the city / shops / close / some / late / very _______________________________________________________________

  8. was / the / cheaper / I / thought / than / bike _________________________________________________________________

 9. ages / teaching / Mr Roberts / has / for / been / the / class _________________________________________________________________

10.at work / the fire / people / were / most / started / when __________________________________________________________________________ 11.next / reopening / Monday / is / the museum ____________________________________________________________________

 12.in Spain / for / Jane / has / at least / living / been / a year __________________________________________________________________________ 13.because / are / in the garden / dirty / she / her / hands / worked ______________________________________________________________________

 14.of the year / month / is / coldest / January / usually / the _________________________________________________________

15.  try / should / I / you / to / think / more / relax ____________________________________________________________

Plurals (nouns)

Recollect the rules

Recollect the rules

Do the task 1

Do the task 2

Do the task 3

Play

Irregular Plural Nouns

Give the plural:

Gymnasium, river, salmon, calf, man, sheep, sea,cup, book, magazine, dog, ox, box, person, tree, essay, mouse, half, child, computer, wish, chief, inch, lady, monkey, leaf, foot, tooth, girl, radius, class, wife, wave, passer-by, city, sister-in-law, loaf, analysis, louse, swine, datum, proof, shelf, looker-on, axis, bacterium, knife, forget-me-not, basis, nucleus, pan, wolf, grown-up, crisis, appendix, formula, phenomenon, woman, man driver, moose, goose, hat, spacecraft, series, analysis, spoon, deer, bus-stop.

Turn into the plural.
Example: The cat is on the table. => The cats are on the tables.

1. The baby is sleeping 

2. The bus is late 

3. The man in the car is wearing glasses 

4. The child always plays in the park 

5. The knife is on the table 

6. The sheep is eating some grass 

7. The match starts at 6 

8. Is your T-shirt clean ? 

9. My foot is all white 

10. The potato is in your plate 

 

Word Formation:

Word Formation Video:

Word Formation Rules and Exercises 1(press the link)

Word Formation Rules and Exercises 2

Negative prefixes

Negative Prefixes 2 (10)

Prefixes Suffixes (exercises)

english-grammar.at (word formation different levels)

english-practice.at (word formation)

Word formation DOMINO (8)

10A H/t (17/12/20)

1. People with  have been campaigning for better access to public buildings (ABLE).
2. When I heard what the company was paying I accepted the job without  (HESITATE).
3. Young children are so  when it comes to painting and drawing (CREATE).
4. In , I would like to congratulate your daughter on her graduation. (ADD)
5. Experts expect these  weather conditions to continue until the end of the week (STORM).
6. The government announced that it was working on a solution to the  problem (HOUSE).
7. I couldn't stop laughing when I saw the  on TV last night (ADVERTISE).
8. The installation of a new department will definitely help the company become more  (PROFIT).
9. The  charge in the restaurant is 25 % of the total bill. (SERVE)
10. Your brother said that the show would be great. But I found it  and was bored by the end (EXCITE).
11. Many of the houses are considered to be  and will be torn down by the end of the month. (SAFE)
12. The leader of the trade union campaigned  for reelection. In the end he was beaten by 12 points. (SUCCESS)
13. Even though the actors were not quite as good as expected , the  of the play was of the highest quality. (PRODUCE)
14. How long do we have to sit here in the police station. It makes me feel very  watching all these criminals walking past (EASY).
15. All students must take Maths and English. Another foreign language is  (OPTION).
16. Shares have risen  in the last six months. (CONSIDER)
17. Most of the food we eat nowadays is full of chemicals and other  (ADD).
18. At 17, he is one of the most  tennis players of his generation (PROMISE).
19. The  of the passengers is the pilots' main priority. (SAFE)
20. The  of the printing press is thought to be the most important event of the last 500 years. (INVENT)
21. I am dreaming of working in the auto industry . However there is so much  in the area that I may have to alter my plans. (EMPLOY).
22. I'm afraid Mrs Hammersmith is  at the moment. She's in an important meeting (AVAILABLE).
23. I like your new friend. He seems to be quite an  young man (ENTERTAIN).
24. I read the article. It was fantastic but I didn't agree with the  the reporter came to (CONCLUDE).

Focus on the Part of Speech 

NOUN   - существительноеO

VERB – глагол

ADJECTIVE – имя прилагательное

ADVERB  -    наречие

 

 Task: Find word formation chains and complete the tables. Underline word formation elements. (Найдите словообразовательную цепочку и заполните таблицу. Подчеркните словообразующие элементы.)

A.

symbol, apologize, symbolic, symbolically, apologetic, symbolize, apology, apologetically
NOUNS	ADJECTIVES	VERBS	ADVERBS

 

B.

helper, doubter, help, doubtfully, helpful, doubt, helpfully, doubtful
NOUNS	ADJECTIVES	VERBS	ADVERBS

 

C.

impression, persuade, impress, persuasion, impressive, persuasive, impressively, persuasively
NOUNS	ADJECTIVES	VERBS	ADVERBS

 

D.

dependence, differ, depend, different, dependent, difference, dependently, differently
NOUNS	ADJECTIVES	VERBS	ADVERBS

 

Word Formation  

Словообразование (Word Formation)

В английском языке, как и в других, словообразование является инструментом обогащения речи.

префиксы (prefixes);

суффиксы (suffixes);

конверсия (conversion);

словосложение (compounding);

сокращение (abbreviation).

Префиксация

Префикс – часть слова, которая ставится перед корнем. С помощью префикса слово принимает новое значение. В большинстве случаев слово не переходит в другую часть речи, но бывают исключения.

Префикс + Корень = Новое слово

Примеры

re + build (строить) = rebuild (перестроить по новой)

mis + conduct (поведение) = misconduct (плохое поведение)

Приставки и их значения

Примеры

un- , dis- , in- , non- , il- , im- , ir- : указывают на отрицание,

делают слово противоположным по значению

o                    belief (вера, доверие) – unbelief (неверие)

o                    claim (утверждать) – disclaim (отрицать) 

o                    dependence (зависимость) – independence (независимость) 

o                    admission (допущение) – nonadmission (недопущение)

o                    logical (логичный) – illogical (нелогичный) 

o                    patience (терпение) – impatience (нетерпение)

o                    reality (реальность) – irreality (фантастичность)

·                     sub- : придает значение «под»

·                     over- : «сверх», «чрезмерно»

·                     under- : «недостаточный»

o                    address (адрес) – subaddress (подадрес)

o                    boil (варить) – overboil (переварить) 

o                    feed (кормить) – underfeed (недокармливать)

·                     ex- : значение «из», «вне», «бывший»

·                     en- : «делать», используется для образования глаголов от существительных и прилагательных

o                    prisoner (заключенный) – ex-prisoner (бывшийзаключенный)

o                    tract (трактат, брошюра) – extract (фрагмент, отрывок)

o                    code (код) – encode (кодировать) 

o                    crimson (малиновый цвет) – encrimson (красить в малиновый цвет)

·                     pre- : указывает на значение «до», «перед»

·                     post- : «после»

o                    historic (исторический) – prehistoric (доисторический) 

o                    production (постановка напр. кинокартины) –postproduction (обработка отснятого видеоматериала)

mis- : меняет смысл слова на «неверный», «ложный»

o                    apply (применить) – misapply (неправильноиспользовать) 

o                    fortune (удача) – misfortune (неудача) 

o                    guide (направлять, вести) – misguide (неправильно направлять)

re- : «снова», «вновь»; сделать что-либо повторно

o                    book (бронировать) – rebook (бронироватьповторно)

o                    educate (воспитывать) – reeducate (перевоспитывать) 

o                    join (соединяться) – rejoin (воссоединяться)

co-: аналог приставки в русском языке «со»

o                    worker (рабочий) – co-worker (сотрудник, коллега) 

o                    author (автор) – co-author (соавтор) 

o                    owner (владелец) – co-owner (совладелец)

Суффиксация

Суффикс – часть слова, которая ставится после корня. Суффикс придает слову новое значение и обычно преобразовывает его в другую часть речи.

Корень + Суффикс = Новое слово

Примеры

Суффикс и его значения

Примеры

Образование существительного

child + hood = childhood (детство)

teach + er = teacher (учитель)

-er, -or, -ar: из глагола переходит существительное в значении «исполнитель действия»

o                    avenge (мстить) – avenger (мститель) 

o                    narrate (рассказывать) – narrator (рассказчик)

o                    lie (лгать) – liar (лжец)

-ment, -age, -ure, -dom, -tion, -sion:
глагол > существительное

o                    advertise (рекламировать) – advertisement(реклама) 

o                    use (использовать) – usage (использование)

o                    depart (уезжать) – departure (отъезд) 

o                    bore (скучать) – boredom (скука) 

o                    hesitate (сомневаться) – hesitation (сомнение) 

o                    impress (производить впечатление) – impression(впечатление)

-hood, -ship: образуют существительные от других существительных

o                    false (ложный, ошибочный) – falsehood (ложь, ошибка) 

o                    owner (владелец) – ownership (владение)

-ist: используется для указания принадлежности к профессии или политическому званию

o                    archeologist (археолог) 

o                    federalist (сторонник принципов федерализма)

-ian: указывают на национальность, реже профессию

o                    Bulgarian (болгарин, болгарка) 

o                    historian (историк)

-ness: преобразовывает прилагательное в существительное

o                    cheerful (веселый) – cheerfulness(жизнерадостность) 

o                    awkward (awkward) – awkwardness (неловкость) 

o                    good (добрый) – goodness (доброта)

Образование прилагательного

-ful: образует прилагательные от существительных и означает наличие качества

o                    colour (цвет) – colourful (полный цвета, яркий) 

o                    thought (мысль, мышление) – thoughtful(задумчивый)

o                    delight (предмет восхищения) – delightful(восхитительный)

-able, -ible: образуют прилагательные от глаголов и выражают возможность подвергнуться действию, выраженному соответствующим глаголом 

o                    accept (принимать) – acceptable (приемлемый; можно принять) 

o                    force (сила) – forcible (насильственный, принудительный)

o                    compare (сравнивать) – comparable (сравнимый)

-less: образует прилагательные от существительных и означает отсутствие качества

o                    worth (стоящий) – worthless (ничего не стоящий; никчемный)

o                    home (домашний) – homeless (бездомный)

o                    use (польза) – useless (бесполезный)

-ish: национальная принадлежность; качество

o                    Flemish (фламандский) 

o                    modish (модный)

-y: образует прилагательные от существительных

o                    air (воздух) – airy (воздушный)

o                    rock (скала) – rocky (каменистый, скалистый)

Образование глагола

-en: образует глаголы от прилагательных и существительных

o                    fasten (пристегивать) 

o                    listen (слушать) 

o                    shorten (укорачивать)

-fy, -ify: обычно образует глаголы от прилагательных

Reading Ii Yy  - presentation (press the link)

Reading Letter Ee - все типы слогов и буквосочетания:

Reading Letter Ee - presentation (press the link) 

 

Буквосочетания-хамелеоны:

Reading Letter Aa:

Чтение буквы Аа (watch the video)

[ei]	[æ]	[a:]	[eə]
plane [plein]	bag [bæg]	car [ka:]	care [kеə]

Read the words, mind the rules:

Crane, can, care, bat, bare, bake, wake, start, mark, cart, fame, lame, dark, Dan, Jake, jam, declare, have, rare, party, baby.

Pale, bat, rat, rate, cart, cat, cake, fake, fat, fare, stare, hare, aware, care, cap, barn, harm, share, charm, shake, pat, lap, mane, man, that.

General Reading Rules (4 types of syllables):

Reading Rules (press the link)

Master Your Reading Skills (press the link) 

Watch the video, recollect the rules: